Rafina

Rafina Ραφήνα
Aerial view of Rafina Harbour
Location
Rafina
Coordinates	38°1′N 24°0′E / 38.017°N 24.000°E / 38.017; 24.000Coordinates: 38°1′N 24°0′E / 38.017°N 24.000°E / 38.017; 24.000
Location within the regional unit
Government
Country:	Greece
Administrative region:	Attica
Regional unit:	East Attica
Municipality:	Rafina-Pikermi
Population statistics (as of 2011)[1]
Municipal unit
- Population:	13,091
- Area:	18.979 km2 (7 sq mi)
- Density:	690 /km2 (1,786 /sq mi)
Other
Time zone:	EET/EEST (UTC+2/3)
Elevation (min-max):	0–10 m ­(0–33 ft)
Postal code:	190 09
Telephone:	22940
Auto:	Z
Website
www.rafina.gr

Rafina (Greek: Ραφήνα) is a town located on the eastern coast of Attica in Greece. It has a population of 13,091 inhabitants (2011 census).^[1] Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Rafina-Pikermi, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.^[2]

Geography

Rafina lies on the Aegean Sea coast, east of the Penteli mountains and northeast of the Mesogaia plain. It is 5 km (3 mi) north of Artemida, 7 km (4 mi) south of Nea Makri and 25 km (16 mi) east of Athens city centre. The municipal unit of Rafina contains, besides the city itself, a large portion of the surrounding area, which is mostly woodland and farmland. The only other town is Kallitechnoupoli with a population of 923.^[1]

The town can be accessed through Greek National Road 54 (Athens - Pallini - Rafina), Greek National Road 83 (Athens - Marathon - Rafina) and Greek National Road 85 (Lavrio - Rafina).

Rafina is a port town serving ferries to the southern part of Euboea as well as most of the Cyclades. Its port is the second largest of Attica, after that of Piraeus, but it will probably be superseded by the one in Lavrio, which is currently being expanded.

History

Prehistory

During the Prehistoric Times, Rafina had already inhabited. The oldest finds are about the Neolithic Period, also, extremely was the remains of the Bronze Age (3,000 years B.C.), which was founded by the excavations of Dimitrios Theocharis in '50s: a settlement on the hill above the port, with facilities of bronze's processing near the delta of the Great Stream, and a Protohelladic Akropolis in the cape of Askitario which you can visit today.

Antiquity

During the ancient times, Rafina, was one of the 100 demes of Athens which was defined by Kleisthenes. The municipality called Arafin, by the name of its first ruler, Arafinas, who was one of the 100 heroes of Attica. In municipality of Arafin, lived one of the ten breeds of Attica. Also, the area near the sea till Artemida, called "Arafinides Ales and here arrived Orestis and Ifigenia from Tavrida.

From these times, we didn't find any evidence, but excavations discovered Roman Baths and perhaps a Byzantine Church.

Rafina's foundation by Triglians refugees

After the defeat of the Greek army in the Minor Asia (1922), many refugees arrived in Greece. Some of them arrived by ships owned by Filippos Kabounides, a Triglian shipowner, who arrived at the time of the destruction to save people and heirlooms.

A year later (August 29, 1923), Kabounides' ships brought to Rafina refugees who have lived in Tenedos for one year. After a few months, the first houses of the new refugee settlement were built and were located at the Skouze's estate that was given to the refugees. Also, around the area of the square, small shops were built and given to shop owners.

Six years later (1929), Rafina became a community.

During the '50s Pantovasilissa's church was built in remembrance of the Byzantine church in Triglia which hold the same name. At its forecourt, a statue of the metropolite of Smyrni, Chrysostomos, was erected, who had been killed by the Turks in Triglia during the destruction. Many years later, people in Rafina built a little church to his memory.

When Triglians arrived from Asia Minor, they brought many things from their old country with the most important being "Panagia Episkepsis", a hagiography one can now admire in the Byzantine Museum in Athens. A copy can been found in the city hall of Rafina. This hagiography was created during the 14th century A.D.

Many heirlooms can be found in the Refugee Museum "Triglia's House", where you can admire many original or their copies.

World War II

During the Second World War, and during the German Occupation, German and Italian armies were installed in Rafina. Important projects for the guarding and the vallation of the area were built at the port, along the seaside and on the hill that was since named "Fort".

Rafina Today

In 1994, Rafina became a municipality and its first mayor was Andreas Kechagioglou, who kept his office until November 2011 when Rafina integrated with Pikermi as part of the Kallikratis plan. Following the planned municipal elections, Giorgios Christopoulos was elected Mayor for the new municipality of Rafina and Pikermi. During the past few years, the town has advanced significantly. Its population reaches about 12,000 people, and climbs to 30,000-50,000 during the summer. During the summer, many events take part in the town such as the "August's Moon", which takes place in August when the last full moon of August occurs. During this day, many musicians gather outside the church of St. Nikolaos and sing songs about the moon.

Rafina suffered damage from a forest fire in July 2005.

Chapel in Rafina

Historical population

Notable residents

• Robert Pires (French footballer)^[3]
• Kostas Karamanlis, former Greek prime minister

International relations

Rafina is twinned with:^[4]

• Lefkara, Cyprus^[4]
• Tirilye, Turkey^[4][5]

See also

• List of municipalities of Attica
• Panagia Pantobasilissa church, Rafina

References

External links

• Official website (English) (Greek)
• triglianoi.gr
• e-rafina.gr

	Penteli	Nea Makri
	Pikermi		Petalioi Gulf
	Rafina
	Spata	Artemida