RGS4

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Regulator of G-protein signaling 4

PDB rendering based on 1agr.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
SymbolsRGS4; RGP4; SCZD9
External IDsOMIM: 602516 MGI: 108409 HomoloGene: 4100 ChEMBL: 1795091 GeneCards: RGS4 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez599919736
EnsemblENSG00000117152ENSMUSG00000038530
UniProtP49798O08899
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_001102445NM_009062
RefSeq (protein)NP_001095915NP_033088
Location (UCSC)Chr 1:
163.04 – 163.05 Mb		Chr 1:
169.74 – 169.75 Mb
PubMed search
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Regulator of G protein signaling 4 also known as RGP4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS4 gene. RGP4 regulates G protein signaling.[1]

Function

Regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules that act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins.[2] RGS proteins are able to deactivate G protein subunits of the Gi alpha, Go alpha and Gq alpha subtypes. They drive G proteins into their inactive GDP-bound forms. Regulator of G protein signaling 4 belongs to this family. All RGS proteins share a conserved 120-amino acid sequence termed the RGS domain which conveys GAP activity.[3] Regulator of G protein signaling 4 protein is 37% identical to RGS1 and 97% identical to rat Rgs4. This protein negatively regulates signaling upstream or at the level of the heterotrimeric G protein and is localized in the cytoplasm.[1]

Clinical significance

A number of studies associate the RGS4 gene with schizophrenia,[4][5][6][7] while some fail to detect an association.[8]

RGS4 is also of interest as one of the three main RGS proteins (along with RGS9 and RGS17) involved in terminating signalling by the mu opioid receptor,[9] and may be important in the development of tolerance to opioid drugs.[10][11][12][13][14]

Inhibitors

Interactions

RGS4 has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: RGS4 regulator of G-protein signalling 4". 
  2. ↑ Berman DM, Wilkie TM, Gilman AG (1996). "GAIP and RGS4 are GTPase-activating proteins for the Gi subfamily of G protein alpha subunits.". Cell 86 (3): 445–52. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80117-8. PMID 8756726. 
  3. ↑ Popov S, Yu K, Kozasa T, Wilkie TM (July 1997). "The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) domains of RGS4, RGS10, and GAIP retain GTPase activating protein activity in vitro". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (14): 7216–20. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.14.7216. PMC 23796. PMID 9207071. 
  4. ↑ Stefanis NC, Trikalinos TA, Avramopoulos D, Smyrnis N, Evdokimidis I, Ntzani EE, Hatzimanolis A, Ioannidis JP, Stefanis CN (2008). "Association of RGS4 variants with schizotypy and cognitive endophenotypes at the population level". Behavioral and Brain Functions 4: 46. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-46. PMC 2572614. PMID 18834502. 
  5. ↑ Prasad KM, Almasy L, Gur RC, Gur RE, Pogue-Geile M, Chowdari KV, Talkowski ME, Nimgaonkar VL (March 2009). "RGS4 Polymorphisms Associated With Variability of Cognitive Performance in a Family-Based Schizophrenia Sample". Schizophrenia Bulletin 36 (5): 983–90. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp002. PMC 2930339. PMID 19282471. 
  6. ↑ Dean B, Boer S, Gibbons A, Money T, Scarr E (March 2009). "Recent advances in postmortem pathology and neurochemistry in schizophrenia". Current Opinion in Psychiatry 22 (2): 154–60. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328323d52e. PMID 19553869. 
  7. ↑ Ding L, Hegde AN (March 2009). "Expression of RGS4 splice variants in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients". Biological Psychiatry 65 (6): 541–5. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.026. PMID 19041089. 
  8. ↑ Stuart Gibbons A, Scarr E, McOmish CE, Hannan AJ, Thomas EA, Dean B (August 2008). "Regulator of G-protein signalling 4 expression is not altered in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia". The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42 (8): 740–5. doi:10.1080/00048670802206338. PMID 18622782. 
  9. ↑ Hooks SB, Martemyanov K, Zachariou V (January 2008). "A role of RGS proteins in drug addiction". Biochemical Pharmacology 75 (1): 76–84. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.045. PMID 17880927. 
  10. ↑ Grillet N, Pattyn A, Contet C, Kieffer BL, Goridis C, Brunet JF (May 2005). "Generation and characterization of Rgs4 mutant mice". Molecular and Cellular Biology 25 (10): 4221–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.10.4221-4228.2005. PMC 1087729. PMID 15870291. 
  11. ↑ Garzón J, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, de la Torre-Madrid E, Sánchez-Blázquez P (June 2005). "Effector antagonism by the regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) proteins causes desensitization of mu-opioid receptors in the CNS". Psychopharmacology 180 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2248-9. PMID 15830230. 
  12. ↑ Georgoussi Z, Leontiadis L, Mazarakou G, Merkouris M, Hyde K, Hamm H (June 2006). "Selective interactions between G protein subunits and RGS4 with the C-terminal domains of the mu- and delta-opioid receptors regulate opioid receptor signaling". Cellular Signalling 18 (6): 771–82. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.07.003. PMID 16120478. 
  13. ↑ Leontiadis LJ, Papakonstantinou MP, Georgoussi Z (July 2009). "Regulator of G protein signaling 4 confers selectivity to specific G proteins to modulate mu- and delta-opioid receptor signaling". Cellular Signalling 21 (7): 1218–28. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.03.013. PMID 19324084. 
  14. ↑ Wang Q, Liu-Chen LY, Traynor JR (July 2009). "Differential Modulation of {micro}- and {delta}-Opioid Receptor Agonists by Endogenous RGS4 Protein in SH-SY5Y Cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 284 (27): 18357–67. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.015453. PMID 19416973. 
  15. ↑ Jin Y, Zhong H, Omnaas JR, Neubig RR, Mosberg HI (2004). "Structure-based design, synthesis, and activity of peptide inhibitors of RGS4 GAP activity". Methods in Enzymology 389: 266–77. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(04)89016-5. PMID 15313571. 
  16. ↑ Roman DL, Talbot JN, Roof RA, Sunahara RK, Traynor JR, Neubig RR (January 2007). "Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of RGS4 using a high-throughput flow cytometry protein interaction assay". Molecular Pharmacology 71 (1): 169–75. doi:10.1124/mol.106.028670. PMID 17012620. 
  17. ↑ Sullivan BM, Harrison-Lavoie KJ, Marshansky V, Lin HY, Kehrl JH, Ausiello DA, Brown D, Druey KM (2000). "RGS4 and RGS2 bind coatomer and inhibit COPI association with Golgi membranes and intracellular transport". Mol. Biol. Cell 11 (9): 3155–68. PMC 14982. PMID 10982407. 
  18. ↑ Thaminy S, Auerbach D, Arnoldo A, Stagljar I (2003). "Identification of novel ErbB3-interacting factors using the split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid system". Genome Res. 13 (7): 1744–53. doi:10.1101/gr.1276503. PMC 403748. PMID 12840049. 
  19. ↑ Johnson EN, Seasholtz TM, Waheed AA, Kreutz B, Suzuki N, Kozasa T, Jones TL, Brown JH, Druey KM (December 2003). "RGS16 inhibits signalling through the G alpha 13-Rho axis". Nat. Cell Biol. 5 (12): 1095–103. doi:10.1038/ncb1065. PMID 14634662. 
  20. ↑ Druey KM, Sullivan BM, Brown D, Fischer ER, Watson N, Blumer KJ, Gerfen CR, Scheschonka A, Kehrl JH (1998). "Expression of GTPase-deficient Gialpha2 results in translocation of cytoplasmic RGS4 to the plasma membrane". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (29): 18405–10. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.29.18405. PMID 9660808. 

Further reading

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