Qingzhou (ancient China)

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This article is about the ancient Chinese province of Qingzhou. For the modern-day city in Shandong Province, see Qingzhou.

Qīngzhōu (Chinese: 青州)[I] was traditionally one of the Nine Provinces of Ancient China dating back to c. 2070 BCE that later became one of the thirteen provinces of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE）. The Nine Provinces were first described in the Yu Gong or Tribute of Yu chapter of the classic Book of Documents with Qingzhou lying to the east of Yuzhou and north of Yangzhou. Qingzhou's primary territory included most of modern-day Shandong Province excluding the south west corner.

History

Ancient times

The territory takes its name from the Yu Gong wherein Yu the Great wrote: "Between the sea and Mount Tai there is only Qingzhou".[II] In around 5,000 BCE the area was the cradle of Dongyi culture[2] and later, during the Xia and Shang Dynasties, home to the Shuǎngjīu (爽鸠), Jìzé (季则氏), and Pángbólíng (逄伯陵氏) clans.

Zhou Dynasty

At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046–256) BCE, Jiang Ziya enfeoffed territory to the Marquess of Qi (齐侯), from which the State of Qi developed.[3]

Han Dynasty

In 106 BCE Emperor Wu of Han formally divided his empire into 13 provinces[4] and appointed a Regional Coordinator (刺史, cìshǐ) in Qingzhou.[2] With the coming of the Eastern Han Dynasty in 25&nbspCE the seat of a local administration moved from Qingzhou to the former Qi capital of Linzi (the modern-day Linzi District in Zibo, Shandong).

Tang Dynasty

During the Tang Dynasty (618–907) Qingzhou held jurisdiction over the seven counties of Yidu (益都县), Beihai (北海), Linqu (临朐县), Linzi (临淄县), Qiancheng (千乘县),Bochang (博昌县) and Shouguang (寿光县) with the administrative centre based in Yidu County.

Northern Song Dynasty

The administrative centre of Qingzhou remained in Yidu County during the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127) with the number of counties reduced to six by the removal of Beihai County.

Notes and References

This article is partly based on a translation of 青州 in the Chinese Wikipedia
  1. ^ The Variant Chinese character "靑" (Qīng) is often used in old documents in place of "青".
  2. ^ “海岱惟青州”, Hǎi Dài wéi Qīngzhōu
  1. ↑ "Indo-China trade to surpass $60 bn before 2010". Business-standard.com. 2008-06-06. Retrieved 2009-11-21. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Introduction to Qingzhou (青州城市概況)" (in Chinese). Qingzhou Government Website. Retrieved January 13, 2014. 
  3. ↑ China: Five Thousand Years of History and Civilization. City University of Hong Kong Press. 2007. ISBN 978-9629371401. 
  4. ↑ Hucker, Charles O. (2008). A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Beijing University Press. ISBN 9787301134870.  p.14
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