Pyruvate decarboxylation

Pyruvate decarboxylation (also known as the Swanson Conversion,^[1] oxidative decarboxylation reaction or link reaction) is the far from equilibrium biochemical reaction that uses pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA, releasing NADH, a reducing equivalent, and carbon dioxide via decarboxylation. It is known as the link reaction because it forms an important link between the metabolic pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. This reaction is usually catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex as part of aerobic respiration.^[2] In eukaryotes, pyruvate decarboxylation takes place exclusively inside the mitochondrial matrix; in prokaryotes similar reactions take place in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane.^[3]

pyruvate (Pyr) pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) acetyl CoA (Ac-CoA)   CoA + NAD+ CO2 + NADH + H+

This reaction is very common in most organisms as a link to the citric acid cycle. This reaction is carried out in the mitochondria, unlike the reactions of glycolysis which are cytosolic.

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a key step in the liver in particular, as it removes any chance of conversion of pyruvate to glucose, or as a transamination substrate. It commits pyruvate to entering the citric acid cycle, where it is either used as a substrate for oxidative phosphorylation, or is converted to citrate for export to the cytosol to serve as a substrate for fatty acid and isoprenoid biosynthesis.

The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in anaerobic organisms differs from the aerobic process in that the electron acceptor is an iron-sulfur protein, not NAD⁺. The conversion is catalyzed by a thiamine-dependent enzyme that also acylates coenzyme A.^[4] The reducing equivalents are disposed of by the production of H₂ via hydrogenase.

To summarise:

1. Pyruvate is decarboxylated

2. It is added to CoA to form Acetyl CoA

acetyl CoA is then ready for use in the Krebs cycle.

Pyruvate decarboxylation steps

References

1. ↑ 1
2. ↑ Alberts et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science, 2001. ISBN 0-8153-4072-9
3. ↑ Raven et al. Biology, 8th edition. McGraw Hill, 2008. ISBN 978-0-07-110202-5
4. ↑ Eric Chabrière, Xavier Vernède, Bruno Guigliarelli, Marie-Hélène Charon, E. Claude Hatchikian, Juan C. Fontecilla-Camps “Crystal Structure of the Free Radical Intermediate of Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase” Science 2001, Volume 294, page 2559.

External links

• Notes on pyruvate decarboxylation
• KEGG pathway database

v t e Metabolism map Glucuronate metabolism Pentose interconversion Inositol metabolism Cellulose and sucrose metabolism Starch and glycogen metabolism Other sugar metabolism Pentose phosphate pathway Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Amino sugars metabolism Small amino acid synthesis Branched amino acid synthesis Purine biosynthesis Histidine metabolism Aromatic amino acid synthesis Pyruvate decarboxylation Fermentation Fatty acid metabolism Urea cycle Aspartate amino acid group synthesis Porphyrins and corrinoids metabolism Citric acid cycle Glutamate amino acid group synthesis Pyrimidine biosynthesis v t e All pathway labels on this image are links, simply click to access the article. A high resolution labeled version of this image is available here.