Pyrimidine analogue

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pyrimidine analogues are antimetabolites which mimic the structure of metabolic pyrimidines.

Examples

Examples include:

5-fluorouracil (5FU) which inhibits thymidylate synthase.
Floxuridine (FUDR)
Cytosine arabinoside (Cytarabine)
6-azauracil (6-AU)

Intracellular chemotherapeutic agents / antineoplastic agents (L01)

SPs/MIs
(M phase)

Block microtubule assembly	Vinca alkaloids (Vinblastine^# Vincristine^# Vinflunine^§ Vindesine Vinorelbine)

Block microtubule disassembly	Taxanes (Cabazitaxel Docetaxel^# Larotaxel Ortataxel^† Paclitaxel^# Tesetaxel) Epothilones (Ixabepilone)

DNA replication
inhibitor

DNA precursors/
antimetabolites
(S phase)

Folic acid	Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (Aminopterin Methotrexate^# Pemetrexed Pralatrexate) Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Raltitrexed Pemetrexed)

Purine	Adenosine deaminase inhibitor (Pentostatin) Halogenated/ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors (Cladribine Clofarabine Fludarabine) Nelarabine Thiopurine (Thioguanine^# Mercaptopurine^#)

Pyrimidine	Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Fluorouracil^# Capecitabine Tegafur (+gimeracil/oteracil) Carmofur Floxuridine) DNA polymerase inhibitor (Cytarabine^#) Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (Gemcitabine) Hypomethylating agent (Azacitidine Decitabine)

Deoxyribonucleotide	Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (Hydroxycarbamide)

Topoisomerase inhibitors
(S phase)

I	Camptotheca (Camptothecin Topotecan Irinotecan Rubitecan^‡ Belotecan)

II	Podophyllum (Etoposide^# Teniposide)

II+Intercalation	Anthracyclines (Aclarubicin Daunorubicin^# Doxorubicin^# Epirubicin Idarubicin Amrubicin^† Pirarubicin Valrubicin Zorubicin) Anthracenediones (Mitoxantrone Pixantrone)

Crosslinking of DNA
(CCNS)

Alkylating	Nitrogen mustards: Mechlorethamine Cyclophosphamide^# (Ifosfamide Trofosfamide) Chlorambucil^# (Melphalan Prednimustine) Bendamustine Uramustine Estramustine Nitrosoureas: Carmustine Lomustine (Semustine) Fotemustine Nimustine Ranimustine Streptozocin Alkyl sulfonates: Busulfan (Mannosulfan Treosulfan) Aziridines: Carboquone ThioTEPA Triaziquone Triethylenemelamine

Platinum-based	Carboplatin Cisplatin Nedaplatin Oxaliplatin Satraplatin

Nonclassical	Hydrazines (Procarbazine^#) Triazenes (Dacarbazine^# Temozolomide) Altretamine Mitobronitol Pipobroman

Intercalation	Streptomyces (Actinomycin^# Bleomycin^# Mitomycin Plicamycin)

Photosensitizers/PDT

Aminolevulinic acid / Methyl aminolevulinate
Efaproxiral
Porphyrin derivatives (Porfimer sodium
Talaporfin
Temoporfin
Verteporfin)

Other

Enzyme inhibitors	FI (Tipifarnib) CDK inhibitors (Alvocidib^† Seliciclib^†) PrI (Bortezomib Carfilzomib) PhI (Anagrelide) IMPDI (Tiazofurin^§) LI (Masoprocol) PARP inhibitor (Olaparib^§) HDAC (Panobinostat Vorinostat Romidepsin)

Receptor antagonists	ERA (Atrasentan) Retinoid X receptor (Bexarotene) Sex steroid (Testolactone)

Other/ungrouped	Amsacrine Trabectedin Retinoids (Alitretinoin Tretinoin) Arsenic trioxide Asparagine depleters (Asparaginase^#/Pegaspargase) Celecoxib Demecolcine Elesclomol^§ Elsamitrucin Etoglucid Lonidamine Lucanthone Mitoguazone Mitotane Oblimersen^† Omacetaxine mepesuccinate Eribulin

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: NEO

tsoc, mrkr

tumr, epon, para

drug (L1i/1e/V03)

DNA virus antivirals (primarily J05, also S01AD and D06BB)

Baltimore I

Herpesvirus

DNA-synthesis
inhibitor

TK activated

Purine analogue	guanine (Aciclovir^#/Valaciclovir Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir Penciclovir/Famciclovir) adenine (Vidarabine)

Pyrimidine analogue	uridine (Idoxuridine Trifluridine Edoxudine) thymine (Brivudine) cytosine (Cytarabine)

Not TK activated

Foscarnet

Other

HPV/MC

Vaccinia

assembly: Rifampicin

Poxviridae

Methisazone

Hepatitis B (VII)

Nucleoside analogues/NARTIs: Entecavir
Lamivudine
Telbivudine
Clevudine

Nucleotide analogues/NtRTIs: Adefovir
Tenofovir

Multiple/general

Nucleic acid inhibitors	Cidofovir

Interferon	Interferon alfa 2b Peginterferon alfa-2a

Multiple/unknown	Ribavirin^#/Taribavirin^† Moroxydine

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: VIR

virs(prot)/clss

cutn/syst (hppv/hiva, infl/zost/zoon)/epon

drug (dnaa, rnaa, rtva, vacc)

Nucleic acid constituents

Nucleobase

Nucleoside

Ribonucleoside	Adenosine Guanosine 5-Methyluridine Uridine Cytidine Inosine Xanthosine

Deoxyribonucleoside	Deoxyadenosine Deoxyguanosine Thymidine Deoxyuridine Deoxycytidine Deoxyinosine Deoxyxanthosine

Nucleotide
(Nucleoside monophosphate)

Ribonucleotide	AMP GMP m⁵UMP UMP CMP IMP XMP

Deoxyribonucleotide	dAMP dGMP dTMP dUMP dCMP dIMP dXMP

Cyclic nucleotide	cAMP cGMP c-di-GMP cADPR

Nucleoside diphosphate

ADP GDP m⁵UDP UDP CDP

dADP dGDP dTDP dUDP dCDP

Nucleoside triphosphate

ATP GTP m⁵UTP UTP CTP ITP XTP

dATP dGTP dTTP dUTP dCTP dITP dXTP

Biochemical families: carbohydrates
- alcohols
- glycoproteins
- glycosides
lipids
- eicosanoids
- fatty acids / intermediates
- phospholipids
- sphingolipids
- steroids
nucleic acids
- constituents / intermediates
proteins
- Amino acids / intermediates
tetrapyrroles / intermediates

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.