Pycnodonte

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Pycnodonte
A group of Pycnodonte pulaskiensis fossils from the Clayton Formation, (Paleocene) of Mississippi
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Ostreoida
Family: Gryphaeidae
Genus: Pycnodonte
Fischer von Waldheim (1835)[1]

Pycnodonte is a genus of extinct oysters, fossil marine bivalve mollusks in the family Gryphaeidae, the foam oysters or honeycomb oysters. Shells of species in this genus are found around the world in fossil shell beds from the Valanginian (140.2 Ma) to the Early Pleistocene (0.781 Ma).[2] They are a commonly found fossil in Cretaceous shellbeds of the Navesink Formation in New Jersey.[3]

Species

Species within the genus Pycnodonte include:

  • Pycnodonte belli (Stephenson, 1941)
  • Pycnodonte callifera (Lamarck, 1819) - European
  • Pycnodonte convexa(Say 1820)
  • Pycnodonte kansasense Bottjer
  • Pycnodonte (Phygraea) mutabilis (Morton, 1828)
  • Pycnodonte newberryi (Stanton)
  • Pycnodonte roanokensis (Cragin, 1893)
  • Pycnodonte vesicularis (Lamarck 1806)
  • Pycnodonte wardi (Hill and Vaughan, 1898)

This species lived in the Cretaceous period, 90 to 130 million years ago. The fossils generally exist in large layers or beds. In Utah, in the Capital Reef National Park area, this layer of fossils is up to ten feet thick, and is present in the lower Tununk section of the Mancos Shale Fraction, just above the Dakota Sandstone and below the Blue Gate Shale layer. In the Hanksville, Utah area, the Pycnodonte newberryi oyster bed is exposed over a large area. Studies are currently being conducted to determine whether there is more than one species in these beds.

  • Pycnodonte taniguchii[4]

  • Exposed Pycnodonte newberryi oyster bed

  • Pycnodonte newberryi

  • Pycnodonte vesicularis MHNT

References

  1. ↑ "Pycnodonte (Pycnodonte)". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2009-05-02. 
  2. ↑ "Pycnodonte: Age Range and Collections". The Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2009-05-02. 
  3. ↑ "Late Cretaceous Stratigraphic Units of the Coastal Plain". United States Geological Survey. July 22, 2003. Retrieved 2009-05-02. 
  4. ↑ "Pycnodonte taniguchii". The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. March 23, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-02. 
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