Pumiliotoxin
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Pumiliotoxin A: R = –H
Pumiliotoxin B: R = –OH
Pumiliotoxin B: R = –OH
Pumiliotoxins (PTXs), are one of several toxins found in the skin of poison dart frogs. Closely related, though more toxic, are allopumiliotoxins, (aPTXs). Other toxins found in the skin of poison frogs include decahydroquinolines (DHQs), izidines, coccinellines, and spiropyrrolizidines. Pumiliotoxins are very poisonous in high concentrations. Pumiliotoxins are much weaker than batrachotoxins, ranging between 100 to 1000 times less poisonous. There are three different types of this toxin: A, B and C, of which toxins A and B are more toxic than C. Pumiliotoxins interfere with muscle contraction by affecting calcium channels, causing partial paralysis, difficulty moving, hyperactivity,[1] or death.
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