Proton pack

Proton pack
Fan-made proton packs
Plot element from the Ghostbusters franchise
Publisher	Columbia Pictures
First appearance	Ghostbusters (1984)
Created by	Egon Spengler and Ray Stantz
Genre	Science fiction, Comedy
In-story information
Type	Paranormal elimination tool

The Proton pack is a fictional energy weapon used for weakening ghosts and aiding in capturing them within the Ghostbusters universe.^[1] First depicted in the film Ghostbusters, it has a hand-held wand ("Neutrino Wand" or particle thrower) connected to a backpack-sized particle accelerator. It fires a stream of protons that polarizes the negatively charged energy of a ghost, allowing it to be held in the stream.^[2]

In the Ghostbusters universe

The Proton pack, designed by Dr. Egon Spengler, is a man-portable particle accelerator system that is used to create a charged particle beam - composed of protons - that is fired by the proton gun (also referred to as the "neutrona wand"^{[citation needed]}). Described in the first movie as a "positron collider", it presumably functions by colliding high-energy positrons to generate its proton beam. The beam allows a ghostbuster to contain and hold "negatively charged ectoplasmic entities". This containment ability allows the wielder to position a ghost above a trap for capture.^[3] The name proton pack is not used in the original movie at all,^[4] and is not used until the subway tunnel scene in Ghostbusters 2, when Egon says that they should get their proton packs. The doorman to the Mayor's mansion also uses the term proton pack as a toy for his little brother. Egon then replies that "A proton pack is not a toy."

While the Ghostbusters' dialogue indicates that the accelerator system operates similarly to a cyclotron (and indeed Dr. Peter Venkman refers to the proton packs in one scene as "unlicensed nuclear accelerators"),^[3] modern particle accelerators produce well collimated particle beams.^[5] This is far different from the beam from a proton pack, which tends to undulate wildly (though it still stays within the general area at which the user is aiming). The proton stream is quite destructive to physical objects, and can cause extensive property damage.^[3]

In the 2009 Ghostbusters game, Ray explains how the proton pack works early in the game; the energy emitted by the Proton Stream helps to dissipate psychokinetic (PK) energy which ghosts use to manifest themselves. Draining them of their PK energy weakens them, allowing them to be captured in their portable ghost traps.

According to a line spoken by Egon in Ghostbusters II, each pack's energy cell has a half-life of 5,000 years.^[6] Knobs on the main stock of the Proton Pack can perform various functions to customize the proton stream, including adjustments for stream intensity, length, and degrees of polarization.^{[citation needed]} In the cartoon series, The Real Ghostbusters, the maximum power setting for the proton packs is "500,000 MHz," which possibly refers to the rate of positron collisions occurring within the pack's accelerator system. In the cartoon the packs also have a self-destruct mechanism capable of affecting at least a half-mile radius. The Real Ghostbusters and the Extreme Ghostbusters also made proton packs less efficient with power cells, allowing them to run out of energy when appropriate for dramatic tension, the latter needing replaceable cartridges.^[7]

The IDW monthly Ghostbusters Comic storyline has shown the movie pack, a boson dart capable pack and the Extreme Ghostbusters pack in use. The IDW Comic also shows a proton pistol attachment to the movie pack being used by Winston while hunting down Slimer.

Crossing the Streams

"There's something very important I forgot to tell you! Don't cross the streams… It would be bad… Try to imagine all life as you know it stopping instantaneously and every molecule in your body exploding at the speed of light."

—Egon Spengler/Harold Ramis on crossing proton streams

Crossing the streams was initially discouraged, as Egon believed that "total protonic reversal" would occur: this effect would have catastrophic results (see quote above). However, in a desperate effort to stop the powerful Gozer the Gozerian, Egon noted that the door to Gozer's temple "swings both ways" and that by crossing the streams, they may be able to create enough force to close the door on Gozer and its control. As the Ghostbusters cross the streams, the combination of that much energy closes the door to Gozer's dimension and severs its ties to our world. The resulting blast destroys a good portion of the roof and blows up the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man.^[3]

In Ghostbusters: The Video Game, the Ghostbusters mention that "crossing the streams" during the Gozer Incident (events of the first Ghostbuster's film) only worked due to the presence of a cross-dimension portal (a tactic which is referred to as the "Gozer gambit" by Ray) and should only be used as a last resort. During the game's climax, the ghostbusters are pulled into Ivo Shandor's ghostly realm and come face-to-face with Shandor's Destructor form forcing them to resort to "crossing the streams" to defeat Shandor. The resulting blast not only destroys Shandor but also sends the team flying back to their dimension. During gameplay, it is possible for the player to cross the streams with another Ghostbuster, but this will only cause a burst of energy to travel down the stream and deal a massive amount of damage to the player, also knocking them off their feet for a short time, due to a new "safety" that was installed on the neutrona wand.

In Ghostbusters: The Video Game

The game features a modified version of the proton pack (an experimental prototype) which is given to the player (the Ghostbuster's new Experimental Equipment Technician/guinea pig) for field testing. This new proton pack is equipped with other features (and upgrades) besides the standard proton stream. Here a list of its various features:

Proton stream

The proton pack's standard function that is used to wrangle ghost and/or dispatching lesser paranormal entities (and property).

Boson Darts

In addition to the proton stream, Boson Darts are super depolarized bursts of extremely volatile, but very effective, boson particles however they quickly overheat the Proton pack, and as such should be used sparingly. Basically they are a sort of anti-ghost rocket.

Slime Blower Mark II

The Slimer Blower Mark II (also known as the "Plasm Distribution System") it is incorporated directly into the Proton Pack (unlike the Mark I) and uses a self-regenerating strain (developed through research and experimentation with "Mood Slime") of positively charged ectoplasm (or mood slime). Along with the Proton Stream, it is an important tool in the Ghostbusters arsenal used to mainly free possessed humans and to disperse the hazardous negatively charged "Black Slime".

Slime Tether

It also featured a secondary function in the "Realistic Version" which enabled the user to fire a strand of slime fixed to two points used to pull objects together and solve many of the game's puzzles.

Slime Mines

In the Stylized Version, the Slime Tether is replaced with Slime Mines that, when fired, disperse a large amount of slime over a wider area.

Shock blast

The Shock Blast attachment expels a conical pattern of stripped Dark Matter particles that diffuse quickly in atmosphere. It is basically the proton pack's version of a shotgun, and like a shotgun it is best used when in close quarters and against swarms of ghosts.

Stasis stream

The Stasis Stream emits a high-capacity stream of order-reversing particles that hypobond to ectoplasmic matter, effectively immobilizing ghosts (what Winston calls a freeze ray). As pointed out by Ray, the stasis stream has nothing to do with cold, but the effect is similar to freezing them, making them the perfect option for dealing with fast ghosts.

Meson Collider

Ray describes the Composite Particle System as incredibly precise and deals a lot of damage but takes a while to recharge. Designed to battle corporeal entities such as demons. Each shot leaves behind a temporary indicator, which acts as a homing device for the Overload Pulse's shots.

Overload Pulse

The Overload Pulse disperses Meson particles in a powerful barrage, basically making them the Ghostbusters' machine gun. It can be used in tandem with the Meson Collider, using the latter to mark a target and the Overload Pulse to ensure a hit in case the target moves.

As props in the real world

The props representing proton packs were originally thought to have been made by the prop department of Columbia Pictures. Recent information coming from the auction of a hero proton pack in July 2012 revealed that the hero proton packs could have been made by Boss Film Studios, a prop studio started by ILM veteran Richard Edlund. They are made of molded fiberglass shells on aluminium backplates (or "motherboards") bolted to military surplus A.L.I.C.E. frames. The basic shape was sculpted from foam; later, a rubber mold was made of it, from which fiberglass shells were pulled. The "wand" had an extending barrel mechanism and the electronics were quite advanced for the time. They were then finished with various surplus 1960s resistors, pneumatic fittings, hoses and ribbon cable, and surplus warning labels and custom-made metal fittings. The overall weight of these props is said to be around 35 pounds (16 kg). These "hero" props were substituted in stunt scenes by flimsy foam rubber pulls from the same mould. The proton packs have a lightbar with 15 blue scrolling lights in a box on the left-hand side and 4 red lights in the circular "cyclotron" portion of the bottom of the prop that light up in rotation. The "wand" also featured numerous light features; the most elaborate versions had fluorescent bargraphs, incandescent bulbs, and strobing flashes in the tip for the visual effects crew to synchronize the 'streams' to.

The GB1 Hero proton packs were fiberglass shells mounted on aluminum motherboards with LC-1 ALICE Frames and straps. These packs had many aluminum parts on them, including: aluminum Ion Arm and cap, booster tube, injector tubes, HGA, vacuum line, PPD, Beamline and filler tube, as well as the N-Filter. The wands for these packs were also fully aluminum, minus the resin grips. All these external parts were pop riveted to the shell, which was then, in turn, mounted to the motherboard via L-Brackets and bolts at the four corners of the pack.

The GB1 Stunt packs were packs that were cast in foam to be worn during physical stunts performed in the film. Many of the attached pieces of the hero packs are cast on to these packs in foam. These packs also featured static lights and were attached to plywood motherboards with different straps compared to the GB1 heroes. Other than the bumper, wand and hosing/ribbon cable, everything was cast into the foam shell of the pack.

Some of the packs from Ghostbusters I were used in the follow-up Ghostbusters II; these packs were slightly redressed with a black crank knob and thinner ribbon cable. The angle of the gun, or "wand" mount was changed to pitch forward slightly, in order to make the prop easier for the actor to use. In addition to these redressed props, one of the originals was hastily cast as a buck to produce basic lightweight "midgrade" props (as a solution to complaints by the actors about the weight of the original prop). These midgrade pieces featured many details cast in as part of the mould, instead of separate fittings. The electronics and mechanisms were also cut down greatly, reducing the total weight. The original GB1 props would appear in close-ups, the midgrade in all other scenes, and new rubber "stunt" packs were made for whenever the actor needed to take a fall.

The proton pack props from the Ghostbusters movies are some of the most wanted and collectible props ever made. Several GB2 packs have surfaced for auction. In September 2004, one rubber stunt and one fibreglass midgrade prop were auctioned by Profiles in History. The midgrade prop fetched well over $13,000.00. The "semi-hero" pack, affectionately known as "Number Four", was bought from the auction winner by Ken Heugel for cash and a Sean Bishop replica pack. The auction winner kept the Certificate of Authenticity. The "Number 4" pack was dissected and documented by Sean Bishop and Ken Heugel. The examination revealed much of the hurried and shoddy casting and assembly techniques used in its creation. The measurements of the proton pack taken during the examination are still used today by prop builders making their own proton packs. Unfortunately, "Number 4" was lost in 2005 during Ken Heugel's move to Romania. The case that held the pack arrived in Romania empty. This theft was classified as "an airline baggage mishap". In July 2006, another Ghostbusters 2 mid-grade "semi-hero" pack with a Certificate of Authenticity was placed on auction by Profiles in History. This proton pack was later pulled when it was determined to be the Sean Bishop replica pack matched with the real Certificate of Authenticity of the "Number 4". This replica pack is distinct for its unusually rusty paint job.

All three variations of the GB2 pack have been displayed at various Planet Hollywood restaurants around the U.S.^[8] The Hero packs in GB2 were the same hero packs from GB1 but retrofitted so they had matching parts with the new packs they had to construct for filming. For all intents and purposes, these packs are built the same way, only with some cosmetic differences, such as different ribbon cables, different colored crank knob, the use of nycoil banjos on the wands, etc. Other than that, they are just beat up versions of their former selves from the first film.

Here are some of the obvious and subtle modifications done to the hero packs for GB2.

1. The unique ribbon cable was replaced with regular Spectra Strip cable.
2. The grey crank knobs were replaced with black ones (or simply painted).
3. The V-hook on the gun mount was slightly angled forward on some packs (for ease of drawing).
4. The LC-1 A.L.I.C.E. frames were replaced with LC-2 versions (painted black).
5. Extra padding (commonly called "Super Straps") was added to the straps on some of the A.L.I.C.E. frames.
6. The Legris banjos on the Neutrona Wand were replaced with Nycoil banjos.
7. The packs were heavily weathered (not sure how intentional that was, though).
8. The Ion Arm Cap was heavily weathered on most packs (this is useful in identifying different packs).
9. The Ion Arm Rods were stripped of their black paint.
10. The square Clippard elbow on the Ion Arm Cap was removed, and a hex elbow was installed on the Ion Arm itself.
11. All of the GB1 tubing was Clippard brand - GB2 used Nycoil and some Clippard.
12. The socket head cap screws connecting the shell to the mother board were replaced with button head cap screws.
13. The mesh inside of the N-filter was replaced with a white covering.

The Semi-Hero packs in GB2 were a new addition to the packs used in filming. These packs were stripped-down versions of the heroes, merging constructional concepts from both the heroes and the stunt packs into a mid grade pack for wide shots. These packs were also constructed lighter for the actors. many of the metal parts from the Hero packs were cast in resin and attached to the shell, such as the HGA, injector tubes, beamline and filler tube. Other metal parts, such as the Ion Arm, Booster Tube (and frame), PPD, and N-Filter, were actually cast into the shell, much like the foam stunt packs from the first film. These packs also had fiberglass cast wands, instead of the metal ones from the first film.

The GB2 foam stunt packs seem to have been built some what better than the GB1 foam stunt packs. The foam packs seem to be constructed the same way as the semi-heroes but instead of being cast as fiberglass, they were cast in foam instead. Once again, the Ion Arm, Booster Tube (and frame), PPD and N-Filter were cast onto the shell and part of the mold.

Besides the video game, there is one more instance of Columbia/Sony having packs produced for production. That would be the packs made for the Universal Studios Florida stage show. As to how much lineage these packs actually have is still up in the air. If the master for these mold was retooled from a production mold, it was heavily modified. There's much extra material added around the EDA, both where the beamline and filler tubes go, as well as between the injector tubes and the EDA. At least the bottom half of the Booster tube and frame are cast into the shell as well as the N-Filter. There also seems to be much warpage at this point. These packs were also mounted on what seems like MDF motherboards and LC-2 ALICE frames.

The proton pack worn by Bill Murray during his acceptance speech at the 2010 Scream Awards was a reproduction semi-hero pack made by Sean Bishop.^[9]

In July 2012, Profiles in History auctioned a Ghostbusters 1 hero pack. This proton pack was reportedly worn by Harold Ramis. The source of the pack is suspected to be Sony. This "Harold Pack" shows some of the modifications made to the hero packs from Ghostbusters 1 to Ghostbusters 2. The Harold Pack also showed some damaged and missing parts. Most notably a missing crank knob and a broken N-Filter. There is also a clear tube from the Ghostbusters uniform shown with the Harold Pack. It is unknown if the electronics inside the pack are in working order. The "Harold Pack" sold for $130,000.00. The same Profiles in History auction also features the Ghostbusters 1 ghost trap and pedal used when Slimer is captured in the hotel ballroom. This "Slimer Trap" is supposed to have a working pedal mechanism, but the operational status is also unknown. The "Slimer Trap" sold for $60,000.00.

Many movie prop replica communities (prop forums) have sprung up regarding proton pack research and contain various methods and plans for constructing a replica proton pack. Plans, methods, parts and advice can be obtained from the members of these prop forums to help build a proton pack out of simple cardboard to movie accurate aluminum and fiberglass (shell) hero-pack replicas. Some of the more complex proton pack replicas being built have with lights and sound. These prop forums also have information on other Ghostbusters props from the ghost trap, to the slime blower, to the Ectomobile. Some of these prop forums also have members that sell replica shells, motherboards and other parts necessary to make a replica proton pack.

The original Ghostbusters fandom website was started by a Bill Emkow in January of 1996. Soon after, Norman Gagnon (aka “Paranorman”) joined Emkow in the development of his website including selling Ghostbusters related collectibles. Paranorman expanded from selling GB merchandise to creating the first and original DIY proton pack drawings/plans for the community, to be utilized by all prop making enthusiast, for free. He finalized his plans and released them in 2001 as Version #4. Paranorman’s, via his prop shop (Façade FX), also scratch built proton pack, ghost trap and ecto-goggle replicas since the late 1990s and have served over 50+ units to Ghostheads around the world, even to George Lucas’ Industrial Light & Magic personnel! In addition, Gagnon was the technical adviser and fabricator (hero prop) of the new arm-mounted Neutrino Blaster in Hank Braxtan’s fan film ‘Return of the Ghostbusters’ 2007. The term “Ghostheads” was also coined by him in July 3, 1996. Norman Gagnon devised his screen name “Paranorman” for Emkow’s GB message board in ‘96 as well.

Early script descriptions of the proton pack stated each pack had two neutrona wands, strapped to the wrists, rather than one held in a fashion similar to an assault rifle.^{[citation needed]} Toy proton packs were formerly made by Kenner and became available in toy shops. They consisted of a plastic hollow pack and gun, with a yellow foam cylinder attached to the front of the gun to represent the beam.^[10]

References