Propachlor

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Propachlor
IUPAC name

2-Chloro-N-isopropyl-N-phenylacetamide

Other names

2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide

Identifiers
CAS number 1918-16-7
PubChem 4931
ChemSpider 4762
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C11H14ClNO
Molar mass 211.69 g mol−1
Appearance light tan solid
Density 1.139 g/mL
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide)[1] is an herbicide first marketed by Monsanto. It was registered for use in the United States during 1965.[2]

The preparation acts on annual grasses and on some broadleaf plants.[1]

Between 1987 and 1996, about 2.1 million pounds of its active ingredient were used in the United States.[3] 75% was applied to sorghum crops and 24% to maize.[3]

Monsanto voluntarily discontinued its manufacture in 1998.[4] It is currently listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory.[5] In 2008, the European Commission issued a decision withdrawing its approval for use as of March 18, 2009, citing the presence of its metabolites in groundwater.[6] Propachlor was added to California's Proposition 65 list as a carcinogen in 2001.[7]

Current manufacturers

It is currently being produced by Makhteshim Agan Group and Shenzhen Qinfeng Pesticides Co., Ltd.[8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Warholic, DT; Gutenmann, WH; Lisk, DJ (1983). "Propachlor herbicide residue studies in cabbage using modified analytical procedure". Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (5): 585–7. PMID 6640157. 
  2. ↑ "Propachlor (Ramrod, Bexton) Herbicide Profile 2/85". Cornell University. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) - Propachlor". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  4. ↑ "Illinois Pesticide Review". University of Illinois Extension Service. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  5. ↑ "Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Chemicals in TOXMAP". Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  6. ↑ "COMMISSION DECISION of 18 September 2008 concerning the non-inclusion of propachlor in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisations for plant protection products containing that substance". European Commission. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  7. ↑ "CHEMICALS KNOWN TO THE STATE TO CAUSE CANCER OR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY AUGUST 7, 2009". State of California Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  8. ↑ Farm Chemicals International. "Propachlor". Retrieved 2012-06-27. 
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