List of Presidents of Venezuela

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President of Venezuela

Standard of the President
Incumbent
Nicolás Maduro
since April 19, 2013
Residence

La Casona (Official)

Palacio de Miraflores (Working residence)
Term length Six years, renewable
Inaugural holder Cristóbal Mendoza
Formation March 5, 1811
Website presidencia.gob.ve
Venezuela
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Venezuela

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The President of Venezuela (Spanish: Presidente de Venezuela) is both the head of state and also the head of government of Venezuela. The current presidential term is for six years with the constitutionally guaranteed recourse of holding a popular recall referendum any time within the last three years of a presidential term. On February 15, 2009, a referendum removed the previous restrictions which limited the President to two terms.[1] The current president of Venezuela is Nicolás Maduro, since April 19, 2013.

History

The presidential designation encompasses only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Venezuela following Venezuela's declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule, which took effect on July 5, 1811. The first president, taking office on July 5, 1811, was actually the president of a triumvirate that rotated the presidency weekly. The person serving as president during the week of July 5 was one of the three signatories of the Declaration of Independence: Cristóbal Mendoza. Mendoza shared the triumvirate with Juan Escalona and Baltasar Padrón.[2][3]

Owing to the profound confusion of the Venezuelan War of Independence and the period of Gran Colombia over what is now Venezuela, this page has gaps between 1814 and 1819. The Congress of Angostura appointed Simón Bolívar "Jefe Supremo de la República de Venezuela" (Supreme Commander of the Republic of Venezuela) from 1819 until 1830. The list below includes interim 'caretaker' as well as regular serving presidents, and democratically installed presidents as well as those installed by other means (e.g.; Marcos Pérez Jiménez).

      Conservative Party       Liberal Party       Independent       Military government       Democratic Action       COPEI       National Convergence       Fifth Republic Movement/United Socialist Party

PicturePresidentDates in officeForm of entryOccupation
José Antonio Páez January 13, 1830 – January 20, 1835Indirect electionsMilitary general
Andrés Narvarte January 20, 1835 – February 9, 1835Acting PresidentLawyer / politician
José María Vargas February 9, 1835 – July 9, 1835Indirect electionsPhysician
José María Carreño July 27, 1835 – August 20, 1835Acting PresidentMilitary general
José María Vargas August 20, 1835 – April 24, 1836RestorationPhysician
Andrés Narvarte April 24, 1836 – January 20, 1837Interim caretakerLawyer / politician
José María Carreño January 20, 1837 – March 11, 1837Interim caretakerMilitary general
Carlos Soublette March 11, 1837 – February 1, 1839Interim caretakerMilitary general
José Antonio Páez February 1, 1839 – January 28, 1843Indirect electionsMilitary general
Carlos Soublette January 28, 1843 – January 20, 1847Indirect electionsMilitary general
José Tadeo Monagas January 20, 1847 – February 5, 1851Indirect electionsMilitary general
José Gregorio Monagas February 5, 1851 – January 20, 1855Indirect electionsMilitary general
José Tadeo Monagas January 20, 1855 – March 15, 1858Indirect electionsMilitary general
Pedro Gual Escandón March 15, 1858 – March 18, 1858Provisional President Lawyer
Julián Castro March 18, 1858 – August 2, 1859Coup d'étatMilitary general
Pedro Gual Escandón August 2, 1859 – September 29, 1859Provisional President Lawyer
Manuel Felipe de Tovar September 29, 1859 – May 20, 1861Coup d'état (first term);
Direct elections (second term)		Politician
Pedro Gual Escandón May 20, 1861 – August 29, 1861Provisional President Lawyer
José Antonio Páez August 29, 1861 – June 15, 1863DictatorshipMilitary general
Juan Crisóstomo Falcón June 15, 1863 – March 18, 1865Victory in the Federal War (first term)Military general
Juan Crisóstomo Falcón March 18, 1865 – April 25, 1868Indirect elections (second term)Military general
Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual April 25, 1868 – June 28, 1868Provisional President Military officer
Guillermo Tell Villegas June 28, 1868 – February 20, 1869Provisional President Lawyer / Military
José Ruperto Monagas February 20, 1869 – April 16, 1870RevolutionMilitary general
Guillermo Tell Villegas April 16, 1870 – April 27, 1870Provisional President Lawyer / Military
Antonio Guzmán Blanco April 27, 1870 – February 20, 1873Revolution (first term)Lawyer / Military general
Antonio Guzmán Blanco February 20, 1873 – February 27, 1877Indirect elections (second term)Lawyer / Military general
Francisco Linares Alcántara February 27, 1877 – November 30, 1878Indirect electionsMilitary general
José Gregorio Valera November 30, 1878 – February 26, 1879Provisional President Military general
Antonio Guzmán Blanco February 26, 1879 – May 12, 1880Election by the Federal StatesLawyer / Military general
Antonio Guzmán Blanco May 12, 1880 – 1882Election by the Federal StatesLawyer / Military general
Antonio Guzmán Blanco 1882 – April 26, 1884Election by the Federal StatesLawyer / Military general
Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo April 26, 1884 – September 15, 1886Elections by the Federal StatesMilitary general
Antonio Guzmán Blanco September 15, 1886 – August 8, 1887Elections by the Federal StatesLawyer / Military general
Hermógenes López August 8, 1887 – July 2, 1888Intermin caretakerMilitary general
Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl July 2, 1888 – March 19, 1890Elections by the Federal StatesLawyer
Raimundo Andueza Palacio March 19, 1890 – June 17, 1892Elections by the Federal StatesLawyer
Guillermo Tell Villegas June 17, 1892 – August 31, 1892Provisional President Lawyer / Military
Guillermo Tell Villegas Pulido August 31, 1892 – October 7, 1892Provisional President Lawyer
Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo October 7, 1892 – March 14, 1894RevolutionMilitary general
Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo March 14, 1894 – February 28, 1898Elections by the Federal StatesMilitary general
Ignacio Andrade February 28, 1898 – October 20, 1899Direct electionsPolitician
Cipriano Castro Ruiz October 20, 1899 – December 19, 1908RevolutionMilitary general
Juan Vicente Gómez December 19, 1908 – August 5, 1913Coup d'étatMilitary general
José Gil Fortoul August 5, 1913 – April 19, 1914Appointed provisional presidentLawyer
Victorino Márquez Bustillos April 19, 1914 – June 24, 1922Appointed provisional president[4]Lawyer / politician
Juan Vicente Gómez June 24, 1922 – May 30, 1929—Military general
Juan Bautista Pérez May 30, 1929 – June 13, 1931Indirect election by the National AssemblyLawyer / magistrate
Juan Vicente Gómez June 13, 1931 – December 17, 1935Indirect election by the National AssemblyMilitary general
Eleazar López Contreras December 18, 1935 – June 30, 1936Interim caretakerMilitary general
Eleazar López Contreras June 30, 1936 – May 5, 1941Indirect electionsMilitary general
Isaías Medina Angarita May 5, 1941 – October 18, 1945Indirect electionsMilitary general
Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello October 19, 1945 – February 17, 1948Coup d'étatPolitician
Rómulo Gallegos Freire February 17, 1948 – November 24, 1948Direct electionsWriter / Novelist
Carlos Delgado Chalbaud November 24, 1948 – November 13, 1950Coup d'étatMilitary officer
Germán Suárez Flamerich November 27, 1950 – December 2, 1952Interim caretakerLawyer
Marcos Pérez Jiménez December 2, 1952 – January 23, 1958Indirect electionsMilitary officer
Wolfgang Larrazábal January 23, 1958 – November 14, 1958Coup d'étatRear admiral
Edgar Sanabria November 14, 1958 – February 13, 1959Interim caretakerLawyer
Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello February 13, 1959 – March 13, 1964Direct electionsPolitician
Raúl Leoni Otero March 13, 1964 – March 11, 1969Direct electionsLawyer
Rafael Caldera Rodríguez March 11, 1969 – March 12, 1974Direct electionsLawyer
Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez March 12, 1974 – March 12, 1979Direct electionsPolitician
Luis Herrera Campins March 12, 1979 – February 2, 1984Direct electionsLawyer
Jaime Lusinchi February 2, 1984 – February 2, 1989Direct electionsPhysician
Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez[5] February 2, 1989 – May 21, 1993Direct electionsPolitician
Octavio Lepage Barreto[6] May 21, 1993 – June 5, 1993Interim presidentLawyer / Politician
Ramón José Velásquez June 5, 1993 – February 2, 1994Interim presidentWriter
Rafael Caldera Rodríguez February 2, 1994 – February 2, 1999Direct electionsLawyer
Hugo Chávez Frias February 2, 1999 – January 10, 2001Direct electionsMilitary officer
(Lt. colonel)
Hugo Chávez Frias January 10, 2001 – January 10, 2007[7]Direct electionsMilitary officer
(Lt. colonel)
Hugo Chávez Frías January 10, 2007 – January 10, 2013Direct electionsMilitary officer
(Lt. colonel)
Hugo Chávez Frías January 10, 2013 – March 5, 2013[8]Direct electionsMilitary officer
(Lt. colonel)
Nicolás Maduro March 5, 2013 – April 19, 2013Interim President Vice President of Venezuela / Minister of Foreign Affairs / Union leader
Nicolás Maduro April 19, 2013 – present Direct elections Vice President of Venezuela /Minister of Foreign Affairs / Union leader

2013 election

Main article: Venezuelan presidential election, 2013

The results of the 2013 elections came as a surprise, as Maduro was leading by double digit figures in most opinion polls conducted two weeks before the election. Furthering the unexpected closeness of the race was the fact that Chávez had defeated Capriles comfortably in October 2012 by a margin of more than 10%.

Candidate Party Votes %
Nicolás MaduroGreat Patriotic Pole7.587.57950,61
Henrique Capriles RadonskiDemocratic Unity Roundtable7.363.98049,12
Eusebio MendezNew Vision for my Country19,4750.13
María BolívarUnited Democratic Party for Peace and Freedom13,2780.08
Reina SequeraWorker's Party4,2290.02
Julio MoraDemocratic Unity Party1,9280.01
Valid votes14,917,05799.55
Invalid/blank votes66,6910.44
Total14,983,748100
Registered voters/turnout18,904,36479.78
Source: National Electoral Commission

See also

  • Air transports of heads of state and government
  • Official state car

Notes

  1. ↑ "Chavez wins chance of fresh term". BBC News Online. February 16, 2009. 
  2. ↑ (Spanish) "Presidentes de Venezuela". Consulado General de Bucaramanga. Archived from the original on August 1, 2010. 
  3. ↑ Briceño Perozo, Mario. "Mendoza, Cristóbal de" in Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela, Vol. 3. Caracas: Fundación Polar, 1999. ISBN 978-980-6397-37-8.
  4. ↑ Bustillos was appointed to the presidency in a provisional fashion after Juan Vicente Gómez, after himself being elected (by the National Assembly) as president. Gómez opted not to assume the presidency, instead choosing to continue in the role of directing the Venezuelan army.
  5. ↑ On May 21, 1993, Pérez resigned after being accused of corruption by the Attorney General.
  6. ↑ Octavio Lepage was the President of Congress and was in charge of the government until Ramón J. Velásquez was elected by Congress on June 5, 1993.
  7. ↑ On April 11, 2002, senior military officers refused Chávez's orders to carry out Plan Ávila. They arrested Chávez, saying he had resigned, and Pedro Carmona Estanga assumed the presidency. Following an uprising, aided by sectors of the military loyal to Chávez, the new government collapsed and Chávez was restored to power early on April 15, 2002. Between the deposing of Carmona and the return of Chávez, Vice President Diosdado Cabello assumed the presidency.
  8. ↑ Chávez was never inaugurated for his fourth term due to his illness, and he died before inauguration could take place.

References

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