List of Presidents of Peru

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President of
the Republic of Peru

Presidential Standard
Incumbent
Ollanta Humala
since July 28, 2011
Residence Government Palace
Appointer Direct popular election
Term length Five years, not renewable
Inaugural holder José de San Martín
Formation July 28, 1821
Website www.presidencia.gob.pe
Peru
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Peru

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Established in the Constitution of 1993, the President of Peru, officially the President of the Republic (Presidente de la República), is the head of state of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters. The presidential term is five years, with no immediate reelection. After an interim five year period out of office, a former president may run for president again. There is no limit to the number of times a person may serve as president.[1] The current president of Peru is Ollanta Humala, elected in 2011.

The change of government takes place on July 28, which is the date of independence from Spain and thus a national holiday.

History

During its more than 180 years of independence, Peru has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically-elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, coups and violence. More than once, several individuals claimed the right to be president at the same time.

Different titles have been used, such as "Protector of Peru" (used by José de San Martin), and "Supreme Protector" (by Andrés de Santa Cruz) .

Presidents of the Republic

The following table contains a list of the individuals who have served as president of Peru.

#Picture President Inaugurated Left office Party Form of entry Title
1 José de San Martín July 28, 1821 September 20, 1822 Patriot Indirect elections Protector of Peru
2 Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro September 20, 1822 September 22, 1822 Independent Indirect elections Interim caretaker
3 José La Mar September 22, 1822 February 27, 1823 Military Elected by Congress President of the Government Junta
4 José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle February 27, 1823 February 28, 1823 Independent Indirect elections Interim caretaker
5 José de la Riva Agüero February 28, 1823 June 23, 1823 Independent Elected by Congress
6 Antonio José de Sucre June 23, 1823 July 17, 1823 Independent Elected by Congress
7 José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle July 17, 1823 February 17, 1824 Independent Elected by Congress Supreme Delegate
8 Simón Bolívar February 17, 1824 January 28, 1827 Military Elected by Congress
9 Andrés de Santa Cruz January 28, 1827 June 9, 1827 Independent Elected by Congress President of the Government Council
10 Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano June 9, 1827 August 22, 1827 Independent Elected by Congress Interim caretaker
11 José La Mar August 22, 1827 June 7, 1829 Independent Direct Elections
12 Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente June 7, 1829 September 1, 1829 Military Coup d'état
13 Agustín Gamarra September 1, 1829 December 20, 1833 Independent Elected by Congress
14 Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro December 20, 1833 December 21, 1833 Independent Elected by Congress Interim caretaker
15 Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada December 21, 1833 August 11, 1836 Independent Elected by Congress
16 Pedro Pablo Bermúdez[2] January 4, 1833 April 24, 1834 Military Coup d'état Provisional Supreme Ruler
17 Felipe Santiago Salaverry[3] February 23, 1835 February 7, 1836 Military Coup d'état Supreme Legislator
18 Andrés de Santa Cruz[4] August 11, 1836 August 25, 1838 Military Supreme Protector of the Confederation
19 Agustín Gamarra August 25, 1838 November 18, 1841 Independent Elected by Congress
20 Manuel Menéndez November 18, 1841 August 16, 1842 Independent Interim caretaker President of the Government Council
21 Juan Crisóstomo Torrico August 16, 1842 October 17, 1842 Military Coup d'état
22 Juan Francisco de Vidal[5] October 17, 1842 March 15, 1843 Military Coup d'état
23 Justo Figuerola March 15, 1843 March 20, 1843 Independent Coup d'état
24 Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco March 20, 1843 June 17, 1844 Military Selfproclaimed President
25 Domingo Nieto March 20, 1843 February 17, 1844 Military Elected by the Government Junta President of the Government Junta - Grand Marshall of Perú
26 Ramón Castilla February 17, 1844 August 10, 1844 Military Elected in replace of Domingo Nieto
27 Domingo Elías June 17, 1844 August 10, 1844 Independent Selfproclaimed President
28 Manuel Menéndez August 10, 1844 August 11, 1844 Independent Interim caretaker President of the Government Council
29 Justo Figuerola August 11, 1844 October 7, 1844 Independent Coup d'état
30 Manuel Menéndez October 7, 1844 April 20, 1845 Independent Interim caretaker President of the Government Council
31 Ramón Castilla April 20, 1845 April 20, 1851 Independent Direct Elections
32 José Rufino Echenique April 20, 1851 January 5, 1855 Independent Direct Elections
33 Ramón Castilla January 5, 1855 October 24, 1862 Military Coup d'état
Direct Elections
34 Miguel de San Román October 24, 1862 April 3, 1863 Independent Direct Elections
35 Ramón Castilla April 3, 1863 April 9, 1863 Military Revolution
Selfproclaimed President
36 Pedro Diez Canseco April 3, 1863 August 5, 1863 Military Interim caretaker Second Vicepresident
37 Juan Antonio Pezet August 5, 1863 April 25, 1865 Military First Vicepresident
38 Mariano Ignacio Prado April 25, 1865 June 24, 1865 Military Coup d'état
39 Juan Antonio Pezet June 24, 1865 November 8, 1865 Military
40 Pedro Diez Canseco November 8, 1865 November 28, 1865 Military Interim caretaker
41 Mariano Ignacio Prado November 28, 1865 January 8, 1868 Independent Direct Elections
42 Pedro Diez Canseco January 8, 1868 August 2, 1868 Independent Interim caretaker
43 José Balta August 2, 1868 July 22, 1872 Independent Direct Elections
44 Tomás Gutiérrez July 22, 1872 July 26, 1872 Military Coup d'état Supreme Leader of the Nation
45 Francisco Diez Canseco July 26, 1872 July 27, 1872 Independent Interim caretaker
46 Mariano Herencia Zevallos July 27, 1872 August 2, 1872 Independent Interim caretaker
47 Manuel Pardo August 2, 1872 August 2, 1876 Civilista Party Direct Elections
48 Mariano Ignacio Prado August 2, 1876 December 23, 1879 Independent Direct Elections
49 Nicolás de Piérola December 23, 1879 November 28, 1881 Military Coup d'état Commander in Chief of the State
50 Francisco García Calderón March 12, 1881 September 28, 1881 Independent Elected by Congress
Chilean Occupation
(Lima)		 Provisional President of the Republic
51 Lizardo Montero Flores September 28, 1881 November 6, 1881 Independent Elected by Congress
Chilean Occupation
(Arequipa)		 Provisional President of the Republic
52 Andrés Avelino Cáceres November 6, 1881 December 25, 1882 Constitutional Party Selfproclaimed
Chilean Occupation
(Central Peru)		 President of the Republic
53 Miguel Iglesias November 6, 1881 December 25, 1882 Military Elected by Congress
Chilean Occupation
(Cajamarca)		 Regenerator President of the Republic
54 Antonio Arenas December 3, 1885 June 5, 1886 Independent Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
55 Andrés Avelino Cáceres June 5, 1886 August 10, 1890 Constitutional Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
56 Remigio Morales Bermúdez August 10, 1890 April 1, 1894 Constitutional Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
57 Justiniano Borgoño April 1, 1894 August 10, 1894 Constitutional Party Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
58 Andrés Avelino Cáceres August 10, 1894 March 20, 1895 Constitutional Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
59 Manuel Candamo March 20, 1895 September 8, 1895 Civilista Party Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
60 Nicolás de Piérola September 8, 1895 September 8, 1899 Democratic Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
61 Eduardo López de Romaña September 8, 1899 September 8, 1903 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
62 Manuel Candamo September 8, 1903 May 7, 1904 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
63 Serapio Calderón May 7, 1904 September 24, 1904 Civilista Party Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
64 José Pardo y Barreda September 24, 1904 September 24, 1908 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
65 Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo September 24, 1908 September 24, 1912 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
66 Guillermo Billinghurst September 24, 1912 February 4, 1914 Democratic Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
67 Óscar Benavides February 4, 1914 August 18, 1915 Military Coup d'état
68 José Pardo y Barreda August 18, 1915 July 4, 1919 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
69 Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo July 4, 1919 August 25, 1930 Reformist Democratic Party Direct Elections
Coup d'état		 Constitutional President
70 Manuel María Ponce Brousset August 25, 1930 August 27, 1930 Reformist Democratic Party Interim caretaker
71 Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro August 27, 1930 March 1, 1931 Military Coup d'état President of the Provisional Government Junta
72 Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias March 1, 1931 March 5, 1931 Military Coup d'état President of the Provisional Government Junta
73 Gustavo Jiménez March 5, 1931 March 11, 1931 Military Coup d'état President of the Provisional Government Junta
74 David Samanez Ocampo March 11, 1931 December 8, 1931 Independent Interim caretaker President of the Southern Junta
75 Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro December 8, 1931 April 30, 1933 Revolutionary Union Direct Elections Constitutional President
76 Óscar Benavides April 30, 1933 December 8, 1939 Independent Elected by Congress Constitutional President
77 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche December 8, 1939 July 28, 1945 Independent Direct Elections Constitutional President
78 José Bustamante y Rivero July 28, 1945 October 29, 1948 National Democratic Front Direct Elections Constitutional President
79 Manuel A. Odría October 29, 1948 June 1, 1950 Military Coup d'état
80 Zenón Noriega Agüero June 1, 1950 July 28, 1950 Independent Interim caretaker
81 Manuel A. Odría July 28, 1950 July 28, 1956 Independent Direct Elections Constitutional President
82 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche July 28, 1956 July 18, 1962 Pradist Democratic Movement Direct Elections Constitutional President
83 Ricardo Pérez Godoy July 18, 1962 March 3, 1963 Military Coup d'état 1st President of the Military Junta
84 Nicolás Lindley López March 3, 1963 July 28, 1963 Military Coup d'état 2nd President of the Military Junta
85 Fernando Belaúnde Terry July 28, 1963 October 3, 1968 Popular Action Direct Elections Constitutional President
86 Juan Velasco Alvarado October 3, 1968 August 30, 1975 Military Coup d'état 1st President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
87 Francisco Morales Bermúdez August 30, 1975 July 28, 1980 Military Coup d'état 2nd President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
88 Fernando Belaúnde Terry July 28, 1980 July 28, 1985 Popular Action Direct Elections Constitutional President
89 Alan García Pérez July 28, 1985 July 28, 1990 American Popular Revolutionary Alliance Direct Elections Constitutional President
90 Alberto Fujimori July 28, 1990 April 5, 1992 Cambio 90 Direct Elections Constitutional President
90 Alberto Fujimori April 5, 1992 July 28, 1995 Cambio 90 Self-Coup d'État De facto President
90 Alberto Fujimori July 28, 1995 July 28, 2000 Cambio 90 Direct Elections Constitutional President
90 Alberto Fujimori July 28, 2000 November 22, 2000[6] Peru 2000 Direct Elections Constitutional President
91 Valentín Paniagua November 22, 2000 July 28, 2001 Popular Action Interim caretaker[7] President of Transition Government
92 Alejandro Toledo July 28, 2001 July 28, 2006 Possible Peru Direct Elections Constitutional President
93 Alan García Pérez July 28, 2006 July 28, 2011 American Popular Revolutionary Alliance Direct Elections Constitutional President
94 Ollanta Humala July 28, 2011 Incumbent Peruvian Nationalist Party Direct Elections Constitutional President

Latest election

Main article: Peruvian general election, 2011
 Summary of the 10 April and 5 June 2011 Peruvian presidential election result
Candidates – Parties 1st round 2nd round
Votes % Votes %
Ollanta Humala – Peru Wins (Gana Perú) 4,643,064 31.699 7,937,704 51.449
Keiko Fujimori – Force 2011 (Fuerza 2011) 3,449,595 23.551 7,490,647 48.551
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski – Alliance for the Great Change (Alianza por el Gran Cambio) 2,711,450 18.512  
Alejandro Toledo – Possible Peru (Perú Posible) 2,289,561 15.631
Luis Castañeda – National Solidarity (Solidaridad Nacional) 1,440,143 9.832
José Ñique de la Puente – Fonavist Party (Partido Fonavista del Perú) 37,011 0.253
Ricardo Noriega – National Awakening Party (Partido Despertar Nacional) 21,574 0.147
Rafael Belaúnde Aubry – Forward Party (Partido Político Adelante) 17,301 0.118
Juliana Reymer – National Force Party (Partido Fuerza Nacional) 16,831 0.115
Humberto Pinazo – Justice, Technology, Ecology (Justicia, Tecnología, Ecología) 11,275 0.077
Total valid (turnout %) 14,074,682 100.000 15,428,351 100.000
Blank votes 1,406,998 8.855 116,335 0.706
Invalid votes 416,026 2.620 921,711 5.598
Source: National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE), National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE)

Titles and styles

The President of the Republic of Peru is the Head of the Peruvian State and the Supreme Commander of the Peruvian Armed Forces

His/Her official style is:

  • If the President is a man: His Excellency - name of the president -
  • If the President is a woman: Her Excellency - name of the president - (Until now Peru has not yet been ruled by a woman)

The current President of the Republic of Peru, Head of the State and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces is: His Excellency Ollanta Humala Tasso

Line of succession

Names of incumbents as of 2013 listed President of the Republic: His Excellency Ollanta Humala Tasso

1- First Vice-President of the Republic: Marisol Espinoza

2- Second Vice-President of the Republic: Vacant

3- President of the Congress of the Republic: Fredy Otárola

4- First Vice-President of the Congress of the Republic: Carmen Omonte

5- Second Vice-President of the Congress of the Republic: Luis Iberico

6- Third Vice-President of the Congress of the Republic: José Luna Gálvez

Notes

  1. ↑ "Political Constitution of Peru, Article 112". 
  2. ↑ Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegoso in Arequipa.
  3. ↑ Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegoso in Lima.
  4. ↑ The Republic of Peru and the Republic of Bolivia were united into a federal state called the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. Peru was divided in the states of North Peru and South Peru, each one of them with its own President.
  5. ↑ No effective central government existed after the Coup d'état against Francisco Vidal, with several generals claiming the Presidency in different cities around the country.
  6. ↑ Alberto Fujimori submitted his resignation on November 19, 2000. His resignation was rejected by the Peruvian Congress, who declared him "Morally Unfit" for the Presidency and impeached him on November 22, 2000.
  7. ↑ As President of Congress, Paniagua was 3rd in the line of succession. Raised to power after the President was impeached and both VP resigned.

See also

Presidents of South America
Sovereign states
  • Argentina
  • Bolivia
  • Brazil
  • Chile
  • Colombia
  • Ecuador
  • Guyana
  • Paraguay
  • Peru
  • Suriname
  • Uruguay
  • Venezuela
Dependencies and
other territories
  • Falkland Islands
  • French Guiana
  • South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Current heads of state of the South American countries

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