Pre-nominal letters

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Pre-nominal letters are a title which is placed before the name of a person as distinct from a post-nominal title which is placed after the name. Examples of pre-nominal titles, for instance professional titles include: Doctor, Captain, Eur Ing (European Engineer), Ir (Ingenieur), CA (Indian Chartered Accountant)[1] and Professor; whilst other common social titles are Mr., Master, The Honorable, Ms., Mrs. and Miss. Pre-nominal letters are generally social, but can be professional in nature (e.g. Eur Ing).

Academic degrees

In some Continental European countries all academic degrees were traditionally pre-nominal. For example, pre-nominal academic degrees in German-speaking countries include: Dipl.-Ing. (Master's degree in Engineering), Dipl.-Kfm. (Master's degree in management), Dipl.-Phys. (Master's degree in physics), Dr.-Ing. (German doctorate in engineering), Ing., Dr.med. (German doctorate in Medicine) and Mag. (Austrian Master's degree (Magister) in all disciplines except engineering).

Pursuant to the Bologna process, most of these pre-nominal degrees will be replaced by post-nominal Bachelor's and Master's degrees; but people who held academic degrees before the Bologna process may continue to use the pre-nominal academic degrees. In contexts where pre-nominal academic letters are used, such degrees may be placed prenominally for consistency (for example, "MMathPhil Marcos Cramer").[2]

In Finland, abbreviated academic titles can appear before or after the name, but in a different format, e.g. an MA as "fil. maist." (before the name) or as "FM" (after the name).

Order of titles

In the UK, those with both a knighthood and rank in the armed forces (or clergy, or academic titles) put the Sir after the other title;[3] for example: Lieutenant General Sir John Leishaman;[4] His Eminence Sir Norman Cardinal Gilroy, KBE;[5] Professor Sir Richard Peto.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/28/stories/2006012809530500.htm
  2. ↑ http://www.math.uni-bonn.de/people/logic/members.shtml
  3. ↑ http://www.debretts.com/forms-of-address/titles/knight.aspx
  4. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/Zt_5TqZcSI6dp_eQ1GGz1g
  5. ↑ Titles and Forms of Address: A Guide to Correct Use (22nd ed.)
  6. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4530057.stm
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