Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Identifiers
CAS number 25189-55-3
PubChem 24877546
Properties
Molecular formula (C6H11NO)n
Molar mass variable
Density 1.1 g/cm3
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references


Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (variously abbreviated PNIPA, PNIPAAm, NIPA, PNIPAA or PNIPAm) is a temperature-responsive polymer that was first synthesized in the 1950s.[1] It can be synthesized from NIPAM which is commercially available.

It forms a three-dimensional hydrogel when crosslinked with N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBAm) or N,N’-cystamine-bis-acrylamide (CBAm). When heated in water above 32 °C (90 °F), it undergoes a reversible lower critical solution temperature phase transition from a swollen hydrated state to a shrunken dehydrated state, losing about 90% of its volume. In dilute solution, it undergoes a corresponding coil-to-globule transition at similar conditions.[2] Since PNIPAm expels its liquid contents at a temperature near that of the human body, PNIPAm has been investigated by many researchers for possible applications in tissue engineering[3][4] and controlled drug delivery.[5][6][7] The renal glomerular filtration cut-off of copolymers of PNIPAm is situated around 32,000 g/mol.[8]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide).
  1. ↑ Schild, H. G. “Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): experiment, theory and application” Progress in Polymer Science, 1992, 17 (2), 163–249.
  2. ↑ Wu, C; Wang X (1998). "Globule-to-Coil Transition of a Single Homopolymer Chain in Solution". Physical Review Letters 80 (18): 4092–4094. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.4092W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4092. Retrieved 25 September 2010. 
  3. ↑ von Recum, HA.; Kim, SW. (1998). "Retinal pigmented epithelium cultures on thermally responsive polymer porous substrates". J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 9: 1241–1253. doi:10.1163/156856298X00758. 
  4. ↑ Lee, EL.; von Recum, HA (2010). "Cell culture platform with mechanical conditioning and nondamaging cellular detachment". J Biomed Mater Res A 93: 411–8. 
  5. ↑ Chung, J. E.; Yokoyama, M.; Yamato, M.; Aoyagi, T.; Sakurai, Y.; Okano, T. “Thermo-responsive drug delivery from polymeric micelles constructed using block copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(butylmethacrylate)” Journal of Controlled Release, 1999, 62, 115–127. Abstract
  6. ↑ Hu Yan and Kaoru Tsujii. “Potential application of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel containing polymeric micelles to drug delivery systems” Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2005, 46, 142–146. Abstract
  7. ↑ Antunes F. , Gentile L. , Tavano L. , Oliviero Rossi C. , " Rheological characterization of the thermal gelation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)co-Acrylic Acid". Applied Rheology, 2009, Vol. 19, n. 4, pp. 42064-42069. Abstract
  8. ↑ Bertrand, N.; Fleischer, J.G.; Wasan, K.M.; Leroux, J.C. (2009) Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers for the design of pH-sensitive liposomes. Biomaterials, 30, 2598-2605 Abstract


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