Police of Russia

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The Police
Полиция
Politsiya
Russian police Emblem
Russian Police badge
Motto Служа закону — служу народу!
By serving the law, we serve the nation!
Agency overview
Formed March 1, 2011
Preceding agencies
Employees ~907,630 (2012)
Annual budget 2.1 Trillion ruble (until 2014)[citation needed]
Legal personality Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
National agency
(Operations jurisdiction)
RUS
Map of the Federal districts of Russia
Size 17,075,400 km2
Population 143,030,106[1]
Legal jurisdiction Federal law "On police"
Governing body Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)
Constituting instrument Law "On Police"
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters Okhotny Ryad, Moscow
appointment by the President of Russia responsible Vladimir Kolokoltsev, Minister of Internal Affairs
Parent agency MVD
Website
http://eng.mvdrf.ru/
Rashid Nurgaliyev, former Russian Minister for Internal Affairs (2003-2012), who led to the dissolution of the Militsiya.

The police (Russian: полиция, tr. politsiya, IPA: [pɐˈlʲit͡sɨjə]) is the central law enforcement body in Russia, operating under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It was established in 2011 replacing the militsiya (militia), the former police service.

The police operates according to the Law on police (Закон "о полиции"),[2] which has been approved by the Federal Assembly and subsequently signed into law on February 7, 2011 by President of Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev.

History

Russian Policeman on duty. Russian postcard, early 20th century.

The police force in Saint Petersburg was established as the Main Police on June 7, 1718 by decree from Peter the Great. Anton de Vieira was appointed as the first General Polizmeister.

On January 19, 1722 the Governing Senate established the Moscow Police. The Detective Department was founded in 1866 operating under the Police Department of MVD, and by 1907 similar departments had been created in other major cities of the Russian Empire, including Moscow, Kiev, Riga, Odessa, Tiflis, Baku and Rostov-on-Don. Other districts were policed by rural police or gendarmerie units.

The 3,500 strong police force of Saint Petersburg provided the main opposition to the rioting which marked the initial outbreak of the February Revolution. After the army units garrisoning the city defected, the police became the main target of the revolutionaries and a number were killed. The Police of the Russian Empire was dissolved on March 10, 1917, and on April 17 the Provisional Government established the People's Militia (Militsiya) as a new law enforcement body.

2011 Police reform

Russian police reform (Закон РФ "о полиции" (Zakon RF "O politsii" {Law on police}) is an ongoing effort initiated by President Dmitry Medvedev to improve the efficiency of Russia's police forces, decrease corruption and improve the public image of law enforcement. On 7 February 2011, amendments were made to laws on the police force, the criminal code and the criminal procedure code. The amendments came into force on 1 March 2011. These changes stipulate a personnel cut of 20% in law enforcement, a renaming of Russian law enforcers from "militsiya" (militia) to "politsiya" (police), substantial increases in wages, centralisation of financing, and several other changes. Around 217 billion rubles ($7 billion) have been allocated from the federal budget to finance the reform.

Main changes and aims of the reform

  • Name change. Under the reform, the name of Russian law enforcers was changed from the Soviet-era term "militsiya" (militia) to the more universal "politsiya" (police) on 1 March 2011.[3][4]
  • Personnel reduction and salary increase. The number of police officers will be reduced by 20%, dropping from 1.28 million to 1.1 million by 2012. The reduction will be accomplished via a comprehensive evaluation of all officers. The evaluation will be conducted before June 2011, and those failing the evaluation will end up losing their jobs. All officers who in the past have received administrative penalties or who have links to the criminal underworld will be fired.[5] For those officers surviving the reduction, salaries will be increased by 30%.
  • Centralisation. As a result of the reform, the Russian police will be made a federal-level institution, with funding accomplished fully from the federal budget. Under the old system, police units responsible for public order and petty crimes were under the jurisdiction of regional and city authorities, financed from regional budget and responsible more to the regional governors than to the federal center.[6]
  • Changes to police and detainee rights. According to the new law, the detainee will receive a right to make a telephone call within 3 hours of the detention. He will also receive the right to have a lawyer and interpreter from the moment of his detention, and police must inform the detainee of his rights and duties. The police will lose its right to carry out and demand checks of a company's financial and business activities. Police may also no longer detain a citizen for an hour just to verify his identity.[7]

Equipment

Transportation

A police car in Tver, 2011.
Ka-226 of the Moscow Police Service in flight, 2008

Police uses a number of different models of automobile which range greatly in age and technical specification.

Patrol Cars

Vans

Armoured vehicles

All Terrain Vehicles

Weaponry

Central administration

  1. Criminal Police Service
    the Criminal Investigations Department
    • Main Office for Criminal Investigation
    • Main Office for Combating Economic and Tax Crimes
    • Main Office for Combating Organized Crime
    • Office for Operational Investigation Information
    • Co-ordination Office of Criminal Police Service
  2. Public Security Service
    The Uniformed Police
    • Main Office for Public Order Maintenance
    • Main Office of State Road Safety Inspection
    • Main Directorate for Road Traffic Safety
    • Main Office of the Interior for Restricted Facilities
    • Main Office of Interdepartmental Security Guard Service
    • Co-ordination Office of Public Security Service
    • Main Office of the Interior for Transport and Special Transportation
    • Office for Passports and Visas
    • External Labour Migration Department
    • Legal Office
    • Office for Crisis Situations
    • Office for Resource Provisions
    • Finance and Economy Office
  3. Logistical Service
    • Office for Material and Technical Support
    • Finance and Economy Department
    • Medical Office
    • Office for Communication and Automation
    • Office for Capital Construction
    • Co-ordination Office of Logistical Service
    • General Services Office
  4. Independent Divisions
    • Office of Affairs - the Secretariat
    • Main Office for Internal Security -Internal affairs
    • Control and Auditing Office
    • Internal Troops General Headquarters
    • MVD Inquiry Committee
    • Forensic Expertise Center
    • Main Office for Organization and Inspection
      The MVD Inspector General
    • Main Office for Special Technical Actions
      Special operations
    • Main Office for (Special) Investigations
      Special branch
    • National Central Bureau for Interpol
    • Mobilization Training Office
    • Main Center for Information
    • Main Legal Office
    • Office for International Co-operation
    • Office for Information Regional Contacts

Rank insignia

The Russian Police do not use the Corporal rank.

Private Staff Junior Supervising Staff
Shoulder insignia
for every day uniform
Rank Police Private Police
Junior sergeant
Police Sergeant Police
Senior sergeant
Police Starshina Police Praporshchik Police
Senior praporshchik
Medium Supervising Staff Senior Supervising Staff Supreme Supervising Staff
Shoulder insignia
for every day uniform
Rank Police
Junior lieutenant
Police Lieutenant Police
Senior lieutenant
Police Captain Police Major Police
Lieutenant colonel
Police Colonel Police
Major General
Police
Lieutenant General
Police
Colonel General

It should also be noted that there is a 4 star police rank, General of the Police of the Russian Federation, (Генераль полиции Российской Федерации). The rank is only newly established.

See also

General:

References

External links

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