Poinsett State Park

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Poinsett State Park
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)

Shanks Creek, flowing through Poinsett State Park near Wedgefield, South Carolina
Location within the state of South Carolina
Location Sumter County, South Carolina, USA
Nearest city Wedgefield, SC
Coordinates 33°48′24″N 80°32′22″W / 33.80667°N 80.53944°W / 33.80667; -80.53944Coordinates: 33°48′24″N 80°32′22″W / 33.80667°N 80.53944°W / 33.80667; -80.53944
Area 1,010 acres (4.1 km2)
Established 1934
Visitors 48,256 [1] (in fy 2006-2007)
Governing body South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism
Official website

Poinsett State Park is located in Sumter County in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The park is best known for its botanical oddities, combining the flora of the Blue Ridge Mountains foothills and Piedmont of Upstate South Carolina, the xeric Sandhills and the Atlantic coastal plain. In Poinsett State Park one can see mountain laurels draped with Spanish moss.[2][3] The park, which has been called "weird and beautiful",[2] is named after amateur botanist and South Carolina native Joel Roberts Poinsett, the first American ambassador to Mexico and popularizer of the poinsettia.[2][4] There is no charge for admission to Poinsett State Park, but there are small fees for parking and renting cabins. The park is surrounded by the Manchester State Forest, and both provide linked hiking, bicycling and equestrian trails.

History

Located on the High Hills of Santee and descending to the Wateree Swamp, the site was used by various Siouan tribes of Native Americans, including the Santee, Wateree and Catawba, primarily for hunting.[5] The non-Siouan Congaree lived nearby and may have also frequented the area.

Before the American Revolution, the land was owned by a man named Levi, who built a dam to impound water for rice cultivation. Levi's Mill Pond was later used to power a mill. Remnants of the mill are still present, and the pond, improved by the Civilian Conservation Corps, is now known as Old Levi Mill Pond.[6] In 1813 and 1814 the land was deeded to two members of the Singleton family, who owned many plantations in Sumter County.[7] The best remembered Singleton today, Angelica Singleton Van Buren, was First Lady of the United States.

Sumter County donated 1,000 acres (4 km2) for the park, which opened to the public in 1936. Many buildings still in use at the park were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps from locally quarried coquina rock. Coquina is a young limestone in which fossil seashells are still readily apparent.[7] Poinsett State Park was the first of many parks built by the CCC in South Carolina.[8] The park was closed in 1963 for a year, along with all of South Carolina's state parks, due to a Federal court order to desegregate the parks, and it wasn't until 1966 that all its facilities were reopened.[7]

Fauna and flora

Surveys have found 337 species of flowering plants within the park, including 65 species of trees and shrubs.[9] Tree species include mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), white oak (Quercus alba), black oak (Q. velutina), turkey oak (Q. laevis), water oak (Q. nigra), pignut hickory (Carya glabra), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), longleaf pine (P. palustris), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), American holly (Ilex opaca), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), baldcypress (Taxodium distichum), swamp gum (Nyssa biflora), water tupelo (N. aquatica), and red maple (Acer rubrum).[9][10]

Many species of animals can be found in the park, including copperhead snakes (Agkistrodon contortrix), cottonmouth snakes (A. piscivorus), American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), and bobcats (Lynx rufus), but these are rarely observed. Animals more typically encountered by visitors include golden silk orb-weaver spiders (Nephila clavipes), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), river frogs (Rana heckscheri), spring peeper treefrogs (Pseudacris crucifer), Carolina anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis), five-lined skinks (Eumeces fasciatus), yellow-bellied slider turtles (Trachemys scripta scripta), banded watersnakes (Nerodia fasciata), coachwhip snakes (Masticophis flagellum), eastern hognose snakes (Heterodon platirhinos), Rafinesque's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), great egrets (Ardea alba), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), belted kingfishers (Ceryle alcyon), red-bellied woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus), blue-gray gnatcatchers (Polioptila caerulea), and prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea).[9][10]

External links

References

  1. ↑ Office of Research and Statistics. "State Parks Visitation (Fiscal Year 2006-07)". South Carolina Statistical Abstract. South Carolina Budget and Control Board. Retrieved 15 February 2011. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Poinsett is Weird and Beautiful". The Rock Hill Herald. 24 April 1972. Retrieved 15 February 2011. 
  3. ↑ "South Carolina's Poinsett State Park". State Parks. southcarolinaparks.com. 21 November 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2011. 
  4. ↑ Sanders, Albert E.; William D. Anderson (1999). Natural History Investigations in South Carolina from Colonial Times to the Present. University of South Carolina Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-57003-278-3. 
  5. ↑ Woody, Howard; Allan D. Thigpen. South Carolina Postcards: Sumter County. Arcadia Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7385-1773-5. 
  6. ↑ Molloy, Johnny. The Best in Tent Camping: The Carolinas. Menasha Ridge Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-89732-969-9. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Poinsett: A Touch of the Mountains". The Sumter Daily Item. 15 October 1969. 
  8. ↑ Waller, Robert A. (2003). "The Civilian Conservation Corps and the Emergence of South Carolina's State Park System, 1933-1942". The South Carolina Historical Magazine (South Carolina Historical Society) 104 (2): 101–125. JSTOR 27570624. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Clark, John F.; Patricia A. Pierce (2003). Scenic Driving South Carolina. Globe Pequot Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-7627-1139-0. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Introduction to the Environment (2008, 2009) and Composition and Literature (2008) students at the University of South Carolina at Sumter in cooperation with Poinsett State Park (18 June 2009). "Habitats, Plants and Animals of Poinsett State Park". South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism. Retrieved 16 February 2011. 
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