Pirot carpet

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Pirot Kilim with the ornament Rašićeva ploča.

Pirot carpet[a] (Serbian: Пиротски ћилим, Pirotski ćilim) refers to a variety of flat tapestry-woven carpets or rugs traditionally produced in Pirot, a town in southeastern Serbia. Pirot kilims with some 122 ornaments and 96 different types have been protected by geographical indication in 2002. They are one of the most important traditional handicrafts in Serbia. In the late 19th century and up to the Second World War, Pirot kilims have been frequently used as insignia of Serbian and Yugoslav royalty. This tradition was revived in 2011 when Pirot kilims were reintroduced for state ceremonies in Serbia.[citation needed]

Overview

Carpet weaving in Pirot dates back to the Middle Ages.[1] One of the first mentions of the Pirot kilim in written sources date to 1565, when it was said that the šajkaši boats on the Danube and Drava were covered with Pirot kilims.[2]

Pirot was once the most important rug-making centre in the Balkans.[3] Pirot is located on the historical main highway which linked central Europe with Constantinople.[3] Pirot was also known as Şarköy in Turkish.[3] The Pirot carpet varieties are also found in Bulgaria and Turkey, and in many other international collections.[3] One of the chief qualities are the colour effects achieved through the choice and arrangement of colours.[3] In the beginning of the 19th century plant dyes were replaced by aniline colourings.[3]

"The best product of the country is the Pirot carpet, worth about ten shillings a square metre. The designs are extremely pretty, and the rugs, without being so heavy as the Persian, or so ragged and scant in the web and woof as Caramanian, wear for ever. The manufacture of these is almost entirely confined to Pirot,"[4]
[5] [6]

From Pirots old Turkish signification as Şarköy stems the traditional trade name of the rugs as Şarköy-kilims. Stemming from the homonym to the today's Turkish settlement of Şarköy in Thracia, which had no established rug making tradition, Şarköys are often falsely ascribed to originate from Turkey. Also in the rug selling industry, Şarköy are mostly labeled as being of oriental or Turkish origin as to easier sell them to non familiar customers as they prefer rug with putative oriental origin. In fact, Şarköys have been established from the 17th century in the region of the Western Balkan or Stara Planina mountains in the towns of Pirot, Berkowiza, Lom, Chiprovtsi and Samokow. Later they have been also produced in Knjaževac and Caribrod.[citation needed]

Pirot rugs (Bombe u pregradama and Rašičeva šara) seen at the inauguration of the Merci a la France monument in Belgrade (1930).

Cultural organizations

  • Association "Grlica"[7]
  • "Association of Preserving and Development of [the] Pirot Carpet", founded 1995
  • "Pirot Carpet Cooperative" or "Pirot Carpet Zadruga", founded 1902[8]
  • "Damsko srce"

Collections

Serbian
  • The Museum of Applied Art has a valuable collection of ca. 120 carpets from Pirot, dating to the late 18th to the mid-20th century.[3]
International

Ornaments

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Pirot kilims with some 122 ornaments and 96 different types have been protected by geographical indication in 2002.

Gallery

  • Pirot rug Venci

  • Scheme of a Pirot rug

  • Scheme of the Razbacani đulovi type

  • Scheme of the Bombe u pregradama type. Ornaments at the border are called kornjača (turtle).

  • bombe u pregradama

  • Bosanska šara

Notable people

  • Darinka Petković (1868-1932), sister of merchant Kosta Petković

See also

Annotations

  1. ^ The Serbian name is Pirotski ćilim (Пиротски ћилим); in English "Pirot carpet", "Pirot kilim" and "Pirot rug"; in Turkish "Şarköy kilimleri". The carpet varieties are also referred to as "Thracian", "Bulgarian" or "Sarköy" rugs, in foreign literature.[3]

References

  1. ↑ PIROTSKI ĆILIM - LEPOTA TRAJANJA
  2. ↑ "Suveniri Srbije - Pirotski ćilim". 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Museum of Applied Art, Belgrade. "Textile collection (3/10)". Belgrade. 
  4. ↑ The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art, Volume 67. J. W. Parker and Son. 1889. p. 725. 
  5. ↑
  6. ↑ , 1953, "Zbog toga pirotski cilim postaje svakim danom sve više skup. b) Na opadanje pirotske čilimarske proizvodnje i uopšte uloge i znaeaja pirotskog eilimarstva kao takvog utiče, najzad, i savremeni raz- vitak materijalne i tehničke kulture, ..."  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ↑ Нематеријално Наслеђе: Нова Реалност И Изазов Културне Баштине (in Serbian). 2009. p. 109. 
  8. ↑ The National Geographic Magazine, Volume 27. 1915. p. 432. 
  9. ↑ "British Museum, search query "Pirot"". 

Sources

  • Peter Bausback, 1983: Kelim. antike orientalische Flachgewebe. Klinkhardt & Biermann, München. ISBN. 3-7814-0206-1
  • Marina Cvetković, 2008: Игра шарених нити : колекција пиротских h̄илима Етнографског музеја у Београду (The Play of Varicolored filaments - collection of the Pirot Kilims in the Ethnographic Museum in Belgrade). Ethnografski muzej u Beogradu, Belgrad. ISBN. 8678910399
  • Alastair Hull & José Luczyc-Wyhowska, 1993: Kilim - the complete guide: History, pattern, technique, identification. Thames and Hundson, London. ISBN. 0-8118-0359-7
  • Milica Petković & Padmila Vlatković, 1996: Пиротски ћилим (Pirotski ćilim). Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, Narodna biblioteka Srbije, Belgrad.
  • Yanni Petsopulos, 1980: Der Kelim. Prestel Verlag, München. ISBN. 3-7913-0474-7
  • Dobrila Stojanović, 1987: Пиротски ћилими (Pirotski ćilimi). Muzejske zbirke VIII, Museum of Applied Arts (Muzej primenjene umetnosti), Belgrad.
  • Vitković-Žikić, Milena (2001). Les Kilims de Pirot (in French). Belgrade: Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Narodna biblioteka Srbije. ISBN 86-7415-068-3.  (not used)

External links

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