Piledriver (microarchitecture)

Piledriver is a microarchitecture developed by AMD as the successor to Bulldozer. It primarily targets the desktop, mobile, and server markets.

The changes over Bulldozer are largely incremental. Piledriver uses the same 'module' design with main improvements to branch prediction and FPU/integer scheduling, along with a switch to hard edge flip-flops to improve power consumption. In practice this resulted in clock speed gains of 8–10% and a performance increase of around 15% with similar power characteristics.^[1] FX-9590 is around 30%-35% faster than Bulldozer-based FX-8150 mostly because of a much higher clock speed. Products based upon Piledriver were first released on 15 May 2012 with the AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) code-named Trinity series of mobile products.^[2] APUs aimed at desktops followed in early October 2012 with Piledriver-based FX-series CPUs released later in the month.^[3][4] Opteron server processors based upon Piledriver were announced in early December 2012.^[5]

Features

Piledriver includes improvements over the original Bulldozer microarchitecture:^[6][7]

• Higher clock rates
• Instructions per clock (IPC) improvements
• Lower power consumption and temperatures
• Turbo Core 3.0
• Faster integrated memory controller (IMC)
• Fixed hardware divider
• Improved branch prediction and prefetching
• Improved floating point and integer scheduling
• Support for Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX)1.1,^[8][9] FMA3, FMA4, F16C, BMI1 and Trailing Bit Manipulation instructions
• Larger L1 translation lookaside buffers (TLB) and L2 efficiency improvements
• Switch to hard-edge flip-flops, allowing for a decrease in power consumption
• Cyclos resonant clock mesh technology^[10]
• 17–220 W thermal design power (TDP)

Overclocking of 8.79 GHz on the FX-8350 by Andre Yang using liquid nitrogen was reported in November 2012.^[11]

Processors

Desktop

The K suffix denotes an unlocked A-series processor. All FX-series processors are unlocked unless otherwise specified.

Mobile

History

Komodo platform

Originally leaked Roadmaps showed Piledriver CPUs featuring up to ten cores as part of the Komodo platform to launch in 2012 on FM2 socket but this was never released. AMD kept the AM3+ socket for the FX series and put the Piledriver-based APUs on FM2.^[12]

FX-series, Athlon and Opteron

AMD Financial Analyst Day 2010^[13] revealed the 2nd generation was scheduled for 2012; AMD referred to this generation as Enhanced Bulldozer. This later generation of Bulldozer core is codenamed Piledriver.

• Vishera FX-series CPU - Desktop Performance market (Volan platform):^[14] This FX-series aimed at 95-220 W TDP features 4, 6 and 8 Piledriver core CPU models; with Turbo Core 3.0 while using the existing Socket AM3+ format and 900 series motherboard chipsets of the 1st generation FX-series Zambezi processor. The 2nd generation FX-series was released on 23 October 2012 with the FX-8350, FX-8320, FX-6300 and FX-4300 CPU models. The FX-8350 featured slightly improved power consumption and was found to be approximately 15% more powerful than the fastest Bulldozer CPU. The 2nd generation FX-series was praised for its relative affordability. Much like their Bulldozer based predecessors, the Vishera CPUs were found to somewhat underperform when compared to Intel Ivy Bridge CPUs in most computationally intensive applications and games, and especially in tasks where all CPU cores were not fully utilized.^[15][16]

On June 11, 2013, AMD announced two additional FX-series eight Piledriver core CPUs, the FX-9590 and FX-9370, running at a maximum turbo speed of 5.0 GHz and 4.7 GHz respectively.^[17]

• Trinity & Richland Athlon series CPU - Desktop Budget market: Socket FM2 Athlon X4 730, 740 and 750K CPU models feature the four Piledriver core Trinity microarchitecture but lack on-chip integrated graphics. Athlon X2 340 is dual core model.^[18][19][20] Socket FM2 Richland based Athlon X4 760K and Athlon X2 370K CPUs, both sans GPU and four and dual cores respectively, are also expected in the coming weeks.^[21][22]

For the server market, three versions were known to be under development as described on AMD's 2012 Financial Analyst Day (February 2):^[23]

• Web serving, Web hosting, and Microserver platform (1 CPU) market: Opteron 3200-series (Zurich; 4 or 8 cores) will be replaced by Delhi (4 or 8 cores). This will use the Socket AM3+ format from the Desktop FX-series line. The memory controller will support dual-channel DDR3 memory configuration.
• Cost-effective, energy efficient server (1 to 2 CPUs) market: Opteron 4200-series (Valencia; 6 or 8 cores) will be replaced by Seoul (6 or 8 cores). Seoul will continue to use the Socket C32 format. The memory controller will support dual-channel DDR3 memory configuration.
• Enterprise and Mainstream server (2 to 4 CPUs) market: Opteron 6200-series (Interlagos; 4, 8, 12, and 16 cores) will be replaced by Abu Dhabi (4, 8, 12, and 16 cores)). Abu Dhabi will continue to use the Socket G34. The memory controller will support quad-channel DDR3 memory configuration.

APUs

• Trinity A-series APU - Desktop Budget and Mainstream market (Virgo platform):^[24] The Stars-based Llano Socket FM1 Fusion APU line replacements are the 2 and 4 Piledriver core Socket FM2 Trinity Fusion APUs. The A10-5800K, A10-5700, A8-5600K, A8-5500, A6-5400K and A4-5300 APU models were released on 2 October 2012.^[25] Trinity processor model numbers which end with the letter "K" denote processors with an unlocked CPU multiplier. The Trinity APU line was praised for its superior integrated graphics performance but underperformed comparable Intel CPU models in most computationally intensive tasks.^[26]
• Trinity A-series APU - Notebook Mainstream and Performance market (Comal platform):^[24] Notebook computers featuring Trinity APUs shipped as early as June 2012.^[27] The mobile Trinity series features four APUs: A10-4600M, A8-4500M, A6-4400M and A4-4300M. In March 2013, AMD announced two more mobile models: A8-4557M and A10-4657M.^[28]

In January 2013, AMD officially introduced a new series of APUs codenamed Richland.^[29] The series features six new APUs in total. The fastest model, the A10-6800K, will feature two Piledriver modules operating at 4.1 GHz and 4.4 GHz in turbo mode and an integrated HD 8670D GPU with 384 stream processors operating at 844 MHz.^[30][31] Only the A10-6800K has official DDR3-2133 memory support.^[32] The A10-6800K was found to offer approximately 5% performance improvements in performance applications and 3D games over its A10-5800K Trinity based predecessor, largely due to Richland's higher clock speeds and it has higher overclocking potential than Trinity. On March 12, 2013, AMD officially introduced four Richland mobile APUs.^[33] On June 4, 2013, AMD officially announced six Richland desktop APUs.^[34][35]

See also

• Steamroller (microarchitecture)
• List of AMD CPU microarchitectures
• AMD Accelerated Processing Unit
• List of AMD FX microprocessors
• Opteron

References