Phrynophiurida
| Phrynophiurida | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Gorgonocephalidae sp. (a basket star) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Ophiuroidea |
| Order: | Phrynophiurida |
| Suborders | |
|
Euryalina | |
Phrynophiurida (formerly called Euryalae) is an order of brittle stars containing Basket stars.
Characteristics
Phrynophiurida have bursae for gas exchange and excretion. Their ventral arm shields are rudimentary, dorsal shields usually absent. Arms sometimes branched, can coil vertically. The vertebrae are joined by hourglass-shaped surfaces. Madreporite is on oral surface. Digestive glands are confined to central disc.[1] The integument is leathery, bearing calcereous granules or platelets. They generally live in deep-sea waters, coiling its arms on branched black coral.
Systematics
The Asteronychidae have a large disk and slender arms, and the Asteroschematidae have a small disk and stout arms.
One remaining family, the Ophiomyxidae, differs in having a soft, unprotected integument, like that of Ophiocanops, but lacks the peculiar features of the gut and gonads in oegophiurids.
Phrynophiurida are divided into the following suborders and families:[2]
- Euryalina
- Asteronychidae
- Asteroschematidae
- Gorgonocephalidae
- Euryalidae
- Ophiomyxina
- Ophiomyxidae
- ?Ophiocanopidae
The inclusion of Ophiocanopidae is supported by some modern studies,[3] but not yet generally accepted.[4]
References
- ↑ R.C.Brusca, G.J.Brusca. Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, 2 ed.(2003)
- ↑ "Phrynophiurida". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ↑ Pearse,V.B. et al.,(1998) An accessible population of Ophiocanops off NE Sulawesi,Indonesia. In: Mooi, R. & Telford, M. (Eds.) Echinoderms: San Francisco. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 413–418
- ↑ "Ophiocanopidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
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