Phlebovirus

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Phleboviruses
Virus classification
Group: Group V ((-)ssRNA)
Order: Unassigned
Family: Bunyaviridae
Genus: Phlebovirus
Type species
Rift Valley fever virus
Species

Adria virus
Alenquer virus
Ambe virus
Arbia virus
Arboledas virus
Armero virus
Arumowot virus
Belterra virus
Bhanja virus
Bujaru virus
Chandiru virus
Chagres virus
Changuinola virus
Chilibre virus
Durania virus
Essaouira virus
Forecariah virus
Frijoles virus
Gabek Forest virus
Gordil virus
Granada virus
Heartland virus
Henan Fever virus
Ixcanal virus
Kala Iris virus
Kismayo virus
Joa virus
Karimabad virus
Lone Star virus
Mariquita virus
Massilia virus
Odrenisrou virus
Pacui virus
Palma virus
Punta Toro virus
Rift Valley fever virus
Rio Grande virus
Salehebad virus
Salobo virus
Soldado virus
Saint Floris virus
Sandfly fever Naples virus
Sandfly fever Sicilian virus
SFTS virus
Toscana virus
Tunis virus
Uukuniemi virus

Phlebovirus is one of five genera of the family Bunyaviridae. The Phlebovirus genus currently comprises over 70 antigenically distinct serotypes, only a few of which have been studied. 68 of the known serotypes are divided into two groups: the Phlebotomus fever viruses (the sandfly group, transmitted by Phlebotominae sandflies) comprises 55 members and the Uukuniemi group (transmitted by ticks) comprises the remaining 13 members.

Virology

Phleboviruses are class V viruses with a segmented negative-strand RNA genome. The genome comprises 3 segments, one of which uses an ambisense coding strategy. The small segment (S) codes for the viral N protein and a non structural protein, NSs. The medium sized segment (M) codes for a precursor of the viral glycoproteins and non-structural components. The product of the largest segment (L) is the viral RNA polymerase.

They cause symptoms ranging from short self limiting fevers, such as pappataci fever, to encephalitis and fatal haemorrhagic fever.

Clinical

Eight viruses have been linked to disease in humans. They are: Alenquer virus, Candiru virus, Chagres virus, Naples virus, Punta Toro virus, Rift Valley fever, Sicilian virus and Toscana virus.

Recently identified is another human pathogenic serotype, the SFTS virus.[1]

A still more recent discovery (2012) is a novel phlebovirus (Heartland virus) has been associated with febrile illness in Missouri, USA. As yet causality is unproven. If this virus is the causative agent of this illness this would be the first tick-borne phlebovirus known to cause disease in the Western Hemisphere.[2][3]

Serogroups

There are ten recognised serocomplexes

Aguacate serocomplex

  • Aguacate virus
  • Armero virus
  • Durania virus
  • Ixcanal virus

Bhanja virus serocomplex

  • Bhanja virus (BHAV)
  • Forecariah (FORV)
  • Heartland virus (HRTV)
  • Kismayo (KISV)
  • Lone Star virus (LSV)
  • Palma (PALV)
  • Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTSV)

Candiru serocomplex

  • Candiru virus

Frijoles serocomplex

  • Frijoles virus

Icoaraci serocomplex

  • Icoaraci virus

Salehabad serocomplex

  • Adria virus
  • Arbia virus
  • Salehabad virus

Sandfly fever serocomplex

The sandfly serocomplex is divided into two groups: Naples and Sicilian

Sandfly fever Naples group
  • Granada virus
  • Massila virus
  • Punique virus
  • Sandfly fever Naples virus
  • Toscana virus
Sandfly fever Sicilian group
  • Belterra virus
  • Chagres virus
  • Corfu virus
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Sandfly fever Cyprus virus
  • Sandfly fever Sicilian virus
  • Sandfly fever Turkey virus

Simbu serocomplex

  • Pintupo viruses
  • Simbu virus
  • Utive virus
  • Utinga virus

Punta Toro serocomplex

  • Punta Toro virus

Uukuniemi serocomplex

  • Catch-me-cave virus
  • Grand Arbaud virus
  • Henan Fever virus[4]
  • Heartland virus
  • Manawa virus
  • Murre virus group
    • Murre virus
    • RML-105-105355 virus
    • Sunday Canyon virus
  • Precarious Point virus
  • Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
  • Uukuniemi virus group
    • Uukuniemi virus
    • EgAn 1825-61 virus
    • Fin V707 virus
    • Chize virus
    • Zaliv Terpenia virus

Unclassified viruses

  • Bradypus-4 virus

References

  1. ↑ Yu, X. J.; Liang, M. F.; Zhang, S. Y.; Liu, Y.; Li, J. D.; Sun, Y. L.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Q. F.; Popov, V. L.; Li, C.; Qu, J.; Li, Q.; Zhang, Y. P.; Hai, R.; Wu, W.; Wang, Q.; Zhan, F. X.; Wang, X. J.; Kan, B.; Wang, S. W.; Wan, K. L.; Jing, H. Q.; Lu, J. X.; Yin, W. W.; Zhou, H.; Guan, X. H.; Liu, J. F.; Bi, Z. Q.; Liu, G. H.; Ren, J. (2011). "Fever with Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China". New England Journal of Medicine 364 (16): 1523–1532. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1010095. PMC 3113718. PMID 21410387. 
  2. ↑ McMullan, L. K.; Folk, S. M.; Kelly, A. J.; MacNeil, A.; Goldsmith, C. S.; Metcalfe, M. G.; Batten, B. C.; Albariño, C. S. G.; Zaki, S. R.; Rollin, P. E.; Nicholson, W. L.; Nichol, S. T. (2012). "A New Phlebovirus Associated with Severe Febrile Illness in Missouri". New England Journal of Medicine 367 (9): 834–841. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1203378. PMID 22931317. 
  3. ↑ "New virus found in Missouri; ticks suspected". CNN. August 30, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2012. 
  4. ↑ Xu, B.; Liu, L.; Huang, X.; Ma, H.; Zhang, Y.; Du, Y.; Wang, P.; Tang, X.; Wang, H.; Kang, K.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, G.; Wu, W.; Yang, Y.; Chen, H.; Mu, F.; Chen, W. (2011). "Metagenomic Analysis of Fever, Thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia Syndrome (FTLS) in Henan Province, China: Discovery of a New Bunyavirus". In Palacios, Gustavo. PLoS Pathogens 7 (11): e1002369. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002369. PMC 3219706. PMID 22114553. 

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