Philadelphia Lazaretto

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The Lazaretto
Lazaretto in 1936
Location Wanamaker Ave. and 2nd St.,
Essington, Pennsylvania
Coordinates 39°51′38″N 75°18′2″W / 39.86056°N 75.30056°W / 39.86056; -75.30056Coordinates: 39°51′38″N 75°18′2″W / 39.86056°N 75.30056°W / 39.86056; -75.30056
Area 10 acres (40,000 m2)
Built 1799
Architect Unknown
Architectural style Georgian, Federal
Governing body Private
NRHP Reference # 72001119[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP March 16, 1972
Designated PHMC October 25, 2008[2]

The Philadelphia Lazaretto was the first quarantine hospital in the United States, built in 1799, in Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.[3] The site was originally inhabited by the Lenni Lenape, and then the first Swedish settlers in America.Nearby Province Island was the site of the confinement of the Christian Moravian Indians who were brought there under protective custody from Lancaster, PA in 1763 when their lives were threatened by the Paxton Boys. The facility predates similar national landmarks such as Ellis Island and Angel Island and is considered both the oldest surviving quarantine hospital and the last surviving example of its type in the United States.[4]

History

The first quarantine station for the city of Philadelphia was erected in 1743 just southwest of where the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers meet on the modern Penrose Ferry Road. A building was erected for use by sick people arriving at the port of Philadelphia and was known as the Pest House or the Old Lazaretto. The building was sold in 1802, with the proceeds used to help pay for the newly built Lazaretto, located about six miles west.[5][6]

Efforts to control disease epidemics in the City of Philadelphia did not begin in earnest until after the devastating Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793, which killed between 4,000 and 5,000 inhabitants—about one-tenth of the city's population at the time—and led the national government, which was then located there, to temporarily move out of the city. Following that epidemic, the commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1798 created a Board of Health, controlled by the city, with the power to levy taxes for public health measures.[5] The following year, the city Board of Health erected the Lazaretto on a 10-acre (40,000 m2)-site ten miles (16 km) south of the city on the banks of the Delaware in Tinicum Township.[3][4]

The new quarantine station included a hospital, offices and residences.[4] All passenger and cargo vessels bound for the port of Philadelphia were required to dock at the Lazaretto for inspection.[3] Passengers suspected of contagion were quarantined in the hospital, and all suspect cargo was stored in the public warehouse.[3] The Board of Health of the City of Philadelphia operated the facility and enforced the local quarantine regulations until the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania assumed authority for enforcing quarantine regulations in 1893.[3] After it was closed as a hospital, it was used as an aviation base.[7]

The Lazaretto in 2009

The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.[8] In the early 21st century, the site was threatened with development, but the work of local preservationists saved it from leveling.[9]

See also

External video
The Historic Lazaretto, Ellis Island's Great-Grandfather, University of Pennsylvania[10]

References

  1. ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. 
  2. ↑ "PHMC Historical Markers". Historical Marker Database. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. Retrieved December 20, 2013. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Contagious Disease Control, The Lazaretto". City of Philadelphia. Archived from the original on 2008-05-08. Retrieved 2007-11-21. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Lazaretto Quarantine Station, Tinicum Township, Delaware County, PA: History". ushistory.org. Retrieved 2008-04-24. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Lazaretto: Time Line". ushistory.org. Retrieved 2008-04-26. 
  6. ↑ Journal of the Common Council, of the City of Philadelphia, Appendix. Philadelphia: J. Van Court, Printer. 1861. p. 691-692. 
  7. ↑ Mason, Todd (2006-06-21). "A preservation battle over immigrant site". Philadelphia Inquirer. 
  8. ↑ "The Lazaretto". Preservation Alliance for Greater Philadelphia. 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2008-03-07. 
  9. ↑ DiGiacomo, Marlene (November 9, 2006). "Lazaretto property has been preserved". Delaware County Daily Times. Retrieved 2007-11-21. 
  10. ↑ "The Historic Lazaretto, "Ellis Island's Great-Grandfather"". University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved March 1, 2013. 

Further reading

  • McCarthy, Michael P. (1987). Typhoid and the Politics of Public Health in Nineteenth-century. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 3-540-63293-X. 
  • Morman, ET (1984). "Guarding against alien impurities: the Philadelphia Lazaretto, 1854-1893". Pa Mag Hist Biogr 108 (2): 131–52. PMID 11617876. 11617876. 

External links

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