Pherbellia
| Pherbellia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pherbellia cinerella | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Hexapoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Sciomyzidae |
| Genus: | Pherbellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 |
| Species | |
|
About 95, see text | |
Pherbellia is a genus of flies in the family Sciomyzidae, the marsh flies or snail-killing flies. They occur throughout the world, except for the Subantarctic region.[1]
Like many Sciomyzidae, species of this genus have larvae that are predators or parasitoids of snails. The larva of P. albovaria, for example, eats land snails such as Anguispira alternata and A. fergusoni, and then pupates in the empty shell.[2] The P. albocostata larva eats up to five snails and then pupates in the ground litter next to the last empty shell.[3] The larva of P. inflexa attacks the glass snail Zonitoides arboreus.[4]
P. punctata is a parasitoid on the amber snail Succinea putris.[5] P. anubis larvae feed on several types of freshwater snails along the edges of ponds and marshes.[3] Several Pherbellia are predators of the pond snail Stagnicola palustris.[3] While most snail-killing flies target land and freshwater pulmonate snails, P. prefixa preys on the mossy valvata (Valvata sincera), which is an operculate snail in the valve snail family.[3]
As of 2012 there were about 95 species in the genus.[1]
Species
Species in this genus include:[6][3]
- Pherbellia albocostata
- Pherbellia albovaria
- Pherbellia aloea
- Pherbellia annulipes
- Pherbellia anubis
- Pherbellia argyra
- Pherbellia beatricis
- Pherbellia borea
- Pherbellia brunnipes
- Pherbellia bryanti
- Pherbellia californica
- Pherbellia cinerella
- Pherbellia ditoma
- Pherbellia dorsata
- Pherbellia dubia
- Pherbellia fisheri
- Pherbellia footei
- Pherbellia frohnei
- Pherbellia fusca
- Pherbellia griseicollis
- Pherbellia griseola
- Pherbellia grisescens
- Pherbellia guttata
- Pherbellia hackmani
- Pherbellia hermonensis
- Pherbellia idahoensis
- Pherbellia inflexa
- Pherbellia javana
- Pherbellia juxtajavana[7]
- Pherbellia kugleri[8]
- Pherbellia luctifera
- Pherbellia marthae
- Pherbellia melanderi
- Pherbellia nana
- Pherbellia obscura
- Pherbellia obtusa
- Pherbellia oregona
- Pherbellia paludum
- Pherbellia parallela
- Pherbellia phela
- Pherbellia pninae
- Pherbellia prefixa
- Pherbellia propages
- Pherbellia quadrata
- Pherbellia seticoxa
- Pherbellia similis
- Pherbellia spectabilis
- Pherbellia subtilis
- Pherbellia suspecta
- Pherbellia tenuipes
- Pherbellia trabeculata
- Pherbellia tricolor[9]
- Pherbellia trivittata
- Pherbellia ursilacus
- Pherbellia ventralis
- Pherbellia vitalis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Murphy, W. L., et al. (2012). Key aspects of the biology of snail-killing Sciomyzidae flies. Annual Review of Entomology 57 425-47.
- ↑ Örstan, A. (2008). Larva of the sciomyzid fly Pherbellia albovaria preys on the land snail Angispira fergusoni. Triton 18 37.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Foote, B. A., et al. (1999). The snail-killing flies of Alaska (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Insecta Mundi 326, 13(1-2) 45.
- ↑ Foote, B. (2007). Biology of Pherbellia inflexa (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a predator of land snails belonging to the genus Zonitoides (Gastropoda: Zonitidae). Entomological News 118(2) 193-98.
- ↑ Moor, B. (1980). On the biology of the relationship between Pherbellia punctata (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) and its host Succinea putris (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 87(4) 941-53.
- ↑ Pherbellia. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
- ↑ Knutson, L., et al. (1990). A second Australian species of Pherbellia Robineau Desvoidy (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 29(4) 281-86.
- ↑ Knutson, L. (1985). Pherbellia kugleri, a remarkable new species from Mt. Hermon, with other new records of Sciomyzidae from Israel (Diptera: Acalyptratae). Israel Journal of Entomology 19 111-17.
- ↑ Sueyoshi, M. (2001). A revision of Japanese Sciomyzidae (Diptera), with descriptions of three new species. Entomol Sci 4(4) 485-506.