Phallotoxin

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The phallotoxins consist of at least seven compounds, all of which are bicyclic heptapeptides (seven amino acids), isolated from the death cap (Amanita phalloides). Phalloidin had been isolated in 1937 by Feodor Lynen, Heinrich Wieland's student and son-in-law, and Ulrich Wieland of the University of Munich.[1][2] The remaining six are prophalloin, phalloin, phallisin, phallacidin, phallacin and phallisacin. Though highly toxic to liver cells, it has since been found to have little input into the death cap's toxicity as it is not absorbed through the gut. Furthermore, it is also found in the edible (and sought after) Blusher (Amanita rubescens).[3]

Chemical structures

  • Phalloidin

  • Prophalloin

  • Phalloin

  • Phallisin

  • Phallacidin

  • Phallacin

  • Phallisacin

See also

  • Amatoxins, a closely related class of mycotoxins

References

  1. ↑ Theodor Wieland (1987). "50 Jahre Phalloidin". Naturwissenschaften 74 (8): 367–373. doi:10.1007/BF00405464. PMID 3309681. 
  2. ↑ Feodor Lynen, Ulrich Wieland (1938). "Über die Giftstoffe des Knollenblätterpilzes". Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie 533 (1): 93–117. doi:10.1002/jlac.19385330105. 
  3. ↑ Litten, W. (March 1975). "The most poisonous mushrooms". Scientific American 232 (3): 90–101. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0375-90. PMID 1114308. 
Poisoning from Amanitas
sect.
Amanita
Species
Compounds
sect.
Phalloidea
Species
Destroying angels
Other members
Compounds
  • Phallacidin
  • Phallacin
  • Phallisacin
  • Phallisin
  • Phalloidin
  • Phalloin
  • Prophalloin
Other compounds
sect.
Lepidella
Species
Compounds
  • Allenic norleucine (2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid)
  • Propargylglycine
sect.
Validae
Species
  • A. rubescens (A. amerirubescens nom. prov.)
Compounds
  • Rubescenslysin
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