Peter the Iberian

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Peter the Iberian
Full name
Murvan Nabarnugios Peter
Dynasty Chosroid dynasty
Father King Bosmarios of Iberia
Born 411
Kingdom of Iberia
Died 491
Yavne-Yam
Burial Gaza
Religion Georgian Orthodox Church

Peter the Iberian (Georgian: แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜, Petre Iberi) (c. 411-491) was a Georgian royal prince, theologian and philosopher who was a prominent figure in early Christianity and one of the founders of the Christian neoplatonism. Some have claimed that he is the author of the works written under the pen name Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite.[1]

His accomplishments include founding the first Georgian monastery in Bethlehem and becoming the bishop of Gaza near Majuma.

Life

The oldest Georgian inscription found in Bethlehem dated 430 AD mentions Peter and his father.

He was born into the royal Chosroid dynasty of the Kings of Kingdom of Iberia and was initially named Murvan (alternatively, Nabarnugios), Prince of Iberia (Kartli). His father, King Bosmarios of Iberia, invited noted philosopher Mithradates from Lazica to take part in Murvanโ€™s education. In 423, the prince was sent as a political hostage to Constantinople, where he got a brilliant education under a personal patronage of the Roman empress Aelia Eudocia, wife of Theodosius II.

Eventually, the young prince, together with his mentor Mithradates, left the palace and escaped to make a pilgrimage to Palestine, where he became a monk at Jerusalem under the name of Peter. In 430, he founded his own monastery at Bethlehem (later known as the Georgian Monastery of Bethlehem). In 445, he was consecrated priest. Accompanied by Mithradates (now called John), he traveled across several countries of the Near East and finally settled in Majuma near Gaza.

In 452, he served as bishop of Majuma for six months before some Christians were banished by the decree of the local ruler. Peter escaped to Egypt but returned to Palestine a decade later. He gained numerous followers and disciples. According to the medieval sources, he was an author of several famous religious works. However, none of them survived to be written under the name of Peter.

He died at Yavneh-Yam, port of ancient Iamnia, in 491 and was buried in his monastery near Gaza.[2]

Various eastern Churches think that he have deviated from the Chalcedonian doctrine.[3]

Biographies

  • The so-called Syriac version originally written by Peterโ€™s disciple John Rufus in Greek dates back to the 8th century
  • The so-called Georgian version originally written by Peterโ€™s contemporary, Zacharias Rhetor, bishop of Mytilene, in Greek has preserved as a manuscript of c. 13th century.

See also

Notes

  1. โ†‘ Sh. Nutsubidze. "Mystery of Pseudo-Dionys Areopagit (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1942; E. Honigmann, Pierre l'Iberian et les ecrits du Pseudo-Denys l'Areopagita. Bruxelles, 1952.
  2. โ†‘ [[https://sites.google.com/a/slu.edu/cornelia-horn/home|Horn, Cornelia]]; Phenix, Robert (1/9/2008). John Rufus: The Lives of Peter the Iberian, Theodosius of Jerusalem, and the Monk Romanus. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 1-58983-200-0. 
  3. โ†‘ Various eastern Churches (Armenian, Coptic, etc) believe that Peter the Iberian was a Monophysite and an anti-chaldeonian, whereas this point of view is not shared by the Georgian Orthodox Church. Although his biographies do not discuss this issue, some of the scholars who side with the Armenian sources accept the idea that he was an anti-chaldeonian, while others do not. For example, David Marshall Lang believes in the possibility that he was a monophysite (see Lang, D M. "Peter the Iberian and his biographers." Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 1951: 158-168), while Shalva Nutsubidze (Georgia, 1942) and Ernest Honingmann (Belgium, 1952) believe that he was a neoplatonic philosopher. (Horn (2006), p. 167.)

References

Further reading

  • David Marshall Lang, "Peter the Iberian and His Biographers". Journal of Ecclesiastical History, vol. 2 (1951), pp 156โ€“168
  • Jan-Eric Steppa, John Rufus and the World Vision of Anti-Chalcedonian Culture, (Gorgias Press, 2002), xxvii + 199 pp. ISBN 1-931956-09-X
  • Ernest Honigmann, Pierre l'iberian et les ecrits du Pseudo-Denys l'Arรฉopagite, Bruxelles, 1952 (French)
  • Petre Iberi. Works, Tbilisi, 1961 (Georgian)
  • Shalva Nutsubidze. Mystery of Pseudo-Dionys Areopagit, Tbilisi, 1942 (Georgian, English summary)
  • Shalva Nutsubidze. Peter the Iberian and problems of Areopagitics. - Proceedings of the Tbilisi State University, vol. 65, Tbilisi, 1957 (Russian)
  • A. Kofsky. "Peter the Iberian and the Question of the Holy Places," Cathedra 91 (1999), pp. 79โ€“96 (Hebrew).
  • แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒ แƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒ˜แƒ. แƒข. I แƒจแƒ”แƒ“แƒ’. แƒก. แƒงแƒฃแƒ‘แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ . แƒข. I. แƒ—แƒ‘. 1944.
  • แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ”แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ˜. แƒแƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—, II แƒข. แƒ—แƒ‘. 1967.
  • แƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ’แƒ˜แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒซแƒ”แƒ’แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, IV, แƒ”. แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ“แƒ แƒ›. แƒฅแƒแƒ•แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒแƒก แƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒข. แƒ—แƒ‘. 1968 .
  • แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒ แƒขแƒ” แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ, แƒแƒกแƒฃแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ›แƒœแƒ, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒ™แƒ•แƒšแƒ”แƒ•แƒ, แƒ™แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒซแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ‘แƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ˜. แƒšแƒแƒšแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ›แƒ, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, 1988.
  • แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ (แƒคแƒกแƒ”แƒ•แƒ“แƒ-แƒ“แƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒกแƒ” แƒแƒ แƒ”แƒแƒžแƒแƒ’แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜). แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ’แƒ›. แƒ”แƒคแƒ แƒ”แƒ› แƒ›แƒชแƒ˜แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ. แƒก. แƒ”แƒœแƒฃแƒฅแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒก แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒช. แƒ—แƒ‘. 1961.
  • แƒจ. แƒœแƒฃแƒชแƒฃแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”. แƒžแƒ”แƒขแƒ แƒ” แƒ˜แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒแƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒแƒกแƒแƒคแƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒ›แƒ”แƒ›แƒ™แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ แƒ”แƒแƒ‘แƒ. แƒจแƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜. แƒข. V. แƒ—แƒ‘. 1975.
  • แƒก. แƒงแƒแƒฃแƒฎแƒฉแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜. แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒซแƒœแƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒšแƒ˜แƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒขแƒฃแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒ˜แƒกแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒ. แƒข. III. แƒ—แƒ‘. 1973.
  • ะ. ะœะฐั€ั€. ะ–ะธั‚ะธะต ะŸะตั‚ั€ะฐ ะ˜ะฒะตั€ะฐ, ั†ะฐั€ะตะฒะธั‡ะฐโ€”ะฟะพะดะฒะธะถะฝะธะบะฐ ะธ ะตะฟะธัะบะพะฟะฐ ะœะพะนัŽะผัะบะพะณะพ V ะฒะตะบะฐ. ะŸั€ะฐะฒะพัะปะฐะฒะฝั‹ะน ะฟะฐะปะตัั‚ะธะฝัะบะธะน ัะฑะพั€ะฝะธะบ. 1896 ะณ. ั‚. 16.
  • แƒ›. แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒฎแƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒฎแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒฆแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ—แƒšแƒ”แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜, แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ, 16, 1954.
  • แƒ’. แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ—แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒ“แƒแƒœ, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜, 1960.
  • แƒ’. แƒคแƒ”แƒ แƒแƒซแƒ”, แƒฃแƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ”แƒš แƒžแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒ’แƒ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ—แƒ แƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒžแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒขแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒœแƒแƒกแƒขแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘, แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒแƒชแƒ”แƒ›แƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒแƒแƒ›แƒ–แƒแƒ“แƒ, แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒแƒขแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒจแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒฃแƒ แƒ—แƒ แƒ’. แƒฏแƒแƒคแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒซแƒ”แƒ›, แƒ—แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜,1995.
  • แƒ—. แƒ›แƒ’แƒแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒšแƒ˜แƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒฃแƒชแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒกแƒขแƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ›. แƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒแƒ–แƒ”, แƒ’แƒ•. 341-349
  • แƒกแƒแƒฅแƒแƒ แƒ—แƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒก แƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜ แƒ”แƒ™แƒšแƒ”แƒกแƒ˜แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒœแƒชแƒ˜แƒ™แƒšแƒแƒžแƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒšแƒ”แƒฅแƒกแƒ˜แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒ˜, แƒแƒ•แƒขแƒแƒ -แƒจแƒ”แƒ›แƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒœแƒ˜: แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒ™แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒซแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜ (แƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ›แƒซแƒฆแƒ•แƒแƒœแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜), แƒ›แƒแƒ˜แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒชแƒแƒจแƒ•แƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜, แƒแƒœแƒ แƒฆแƒแƒ›แƒ‘แƒแƒจแƒ˜แƒซแƒ”. แƒ—แƒ‘. 2007.
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