Petar I Petrović-Njegoš

Peter I
Prince-Bishop of Montenegro
Native name	Петар I
Installed	1782
Term ended	1830
Predecessor	Sava II
Successor	Peter II
Personal details
Born	1748 Njeguši, Montenegro, Ottoman Empire
Died	1830 Cetinje, Montenegro, Ottoman Empire
Denomination	Serbian Orthodox Christian
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day	October 31 (Gregorian calendar), October 18 (Julian calendar)
Venerated in	Eastern Orthodox Church
Title as Saint	St Peter of Cetinje
Canonized	by Serbian Orthodox Church

Petar I Petrović Njegoš (St. Peter of Cetinje) (1747–1830) (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар I Петровић Његош, Свети Петар Цетињски) was the ruler of Montenegro, the Cetinje Metropolitan of the Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbian: Владика or Vladika) and Exarch (legate) of the Serbian Orthodox Church throne. He was the most popular spiritual and military leader from the Petrović dynasty. During his long rule, Petar strengthened the state by uniting the often quarreling tribes, consolidating his control over Montenegrin lands, introducing the first laws in Montenegro (Законик Петра I or Zakonik Petra I) and launching the first program of national liberation and unification of Serbs.

Battles and wars

Against the Ottoman Empire (1785–96)

He had benefited from four years' schooling in a military college (1762-1766) in Imperial Russia, was known to have been Vasilije III Petrović-Njegoš's choice as successor, and had strong support among the clan chiefs. He had unquestioned moral authority strengthened by his military successes. His rule prepared Montenegro for the subsequent introduction of modern institutions of the state: taxes, schools and larger commercial enterprises.

He was made a bishop by Mojsije Putnik of the Metropolitanate of Karlovci at Sremski Karlovci on the 13th of October 1784. During his long trip to Russia that year and the following (1785), Montenegro was attacked by Turkish forces. When Vladika Petar I returned from Russia, he began a war of liberation. At the crucial battle at Krusi (a village in Lješanska nahija) the Turkish Army of 30,000 led by Mahmut-Paša Bušatlija and assisted with seven French officers was defeated with heavy casualties by a force of 6,000 Montenegrins led by Vladika Petar I (3 Oct. 1796). In this famous battle Mahmut-pasha was killed. After the victory Petar enlarged the territory of Montenegro and became virtually independent of the Ottoman Empire.

Against the French Empire (1806–07)

In 1806, the troops of Napoleonic France advanced toward the Bay of Kotor in Montenegro. The Montenegrin army led by Vladika Petar I, aided by several Russian battalions and the fleet of Admiral Dmitry Senyavin pushed them back to Dubrovnik. But soon after, Russian Tsar Alexander I asked Montenegrins to relinquish control of Boka to Austria. However, after Montenegrins retreated to Herceg Novi, Alexander changed his mind again, and with a help of Montenegrins conquered Brač and Korčula. In the meantime, France encouraged Turkey to attack Russia, which withdrew its fleet from the Adriatic to defend the Ionian islands. The Treaty of Tilsit (1807) between Russia and France granted the control of the Bay of Kotor to France.

Against the Ottoman Empire (1820)

In 1820, in the north of Montenegro, the highlanders from Morača led by Serdar Mrkoje Mijušković won a major battle against the Turkish force from Bosnia.

Serbian Empire

Petar was the conceiver of a plan to form a new Serbian Empire out of Bosnia, Serbia, Herzegovina and Montenegro with Boka, with Dubrovnik as its Imperial Capital. In 1807, he sent a letter to the Russian General of the Danube Army regarding this subject: "The Russian Czar would be recognized as the Tsar of the Serbs and the Metropolitan of Montenegro would be his assistant. The leading role in the restoration of the Serbian Empire belongs to Montenegro."

Canonisation

He was canonised as Saint Peter of Cetinje by his successor Petar II Petrović Njegoš. The Serbian Orthodox Church celebrates him on October 31, Gregorian calendar, which is October 18 in the Julian calendar.

Works

• The Lore in Verse (Поучење у стиховима)
• The Sons of Ivan-bey (Синови Иванбегови)
• Poem to Karageorge (Пјесма Карађорђу)
• To Serb Christmas Eve (Српско Бадњи вече)

Preceded by Sava II	Prince-Episcope of Montenegro 1782–1830	Succeeded by Petar II

External links

• Свети Петар Цетињски: Житије, дјело, молитва
• Speeches to Montenegrins before battles against Turks on Martinici and on Krusi, 1796
• of Petar I

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Lazarica Orahovica Sv. Nedjelje Sv. Petke Sv. Vasilija Ostroškog Others Hilandar (Mount Athos) New Gračanica Monastery (USA) Notes * indicate monasteries in Kosovo, which is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Kosovo. List of Serbian Orthodox monasteries v t e Serbian Orthodox churches Serbia Temple of Saint Sava St. Michael's Cathedral Ružica St. Mark's Church St. Basil of Ostrog St. Achillius, Arilje Peter's Church, Ras Pećinska church Štava church Odžaklija Kađenica Lazarica Church Lukovo church Church of Holy Ascension, Krupanj Cathedral of Novi Sad the Assumption, Zrenjanin Our Lady of Ljeviš* Church of Virgin Hodegetria* St. Elijah Church* Church of St. Nicholas, Prizren* Mala Gospojina Church* Christ the Saviour Cathedral, Pristina* Montenegro Cathedral of Podgorica Our Lady of Remedy Vlah Church Bosnia and Herzegovina Cathedral Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel Church of the Holy Transfiguration Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, Banja Luka Old St. Nicholas Church, Javorani Croatia St. Petka's Church, Banovci Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, Trpinja Church of St. Nicholas, Vukovar Church of Pentecost, Vinkovci Church of St. George, Kneževo Church of Assumption of Blessed Virgin, Negoslavci Church of Pentecost, Markušica Church of St. George, Bobota Church of St. Stephen, Borovo Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, Srijemske Laze Church of St. Peter and Paul, Bolman Church of St. Stefan Štiljanović, Karanac Church of St. Nicholas, Mirkovci Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, Gaboš Church of St. Nicholas, Jagodnjak Church of St. Demetrius, Dalj Zagreb Orthodox Cathedral Church of St. George, Grubišno Polje Church of St. Nicholas, Karlovac Church of Nativity of the Virgin, Drežnica Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, Štikada Orthodox church of st. George, Varaždin Holy Annunciation Orthodox church, Dubrovnik Orthodox Church in Knin Church of St. Peter and Paul, Tepljuh San Spirodine Church, Peroj Church of St. Nicholas, Rijeka Church of St. Nicholas, Vrlika Orthodox church of Holy Salvation, Cetina Other countries Saints Constantine and Helen Serbian Orthodox Church, USA Trinity Chapel Complex, USA Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church, Jackson, USA Sts. Cyril and Methodius Church, Slovenia Serbian Church (Arad), Romania St. Sava Church, Paris, France Church of the Holy Prince Lazar, United Kingdom Serbian Orthodox Church, Halifax, United Kingdom St. Nicholas, West Wycombe, United Kingdom Saint Spyridon Church, Trieste, Italy Annunciation Church, Szentendre, Hungary Transfiguration Church, Szentendre, Hungary Church of Our Lady, Göteborg, Sweden Notes * indicate churches in Kosovo, which is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Kosovo. v t e Serbian saints St. Angelina St. Basil of Ostrog St. Danilo II St. Helen of Anjou St. Jovan Vladimir St. Prince Lazar / St. Princess Milica St. Makarije Sokolović St. Nikodim I St. Nikolaj Velimirović St. Peter of Cetinje St. Sava St. Sava II St. Simeon the Monk St. Simeon the Myrrh-flowing St. Stefan Lazarević St. Stefan Štiljanović St. Stefan Uroš St. Stefan of Dečani St. Stefan the Blind St. Stefan of Piperi Teodor Komogovinski St. Vladislav St. Vukašin

Authority control WorldCat VIAF: 29715453 LCCN: n90626599 ISNI: 0000 0001 1023 5020 GND: 118882384 BNF: cb13772740w

Persondata
Name	Petar I Petrovic-Njegos
Alternative names
Short description	Ruler of Montenegro, the Cetinje Episcop of the Serbian Orthodox Church
Date of birth	1747
Place of birth	Njeguši, Montenegro
Date of death	1830
Place of death	Cetinje, Montenegro