Persicaria

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Persicaria
Persicaria capitata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Core eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Persicaria
Mill.
Species

See text

Persicaria orientalis
Persicaria glabra

Persicaria is a genus of flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. Plants of the genus are known commonly as smartweeds.[1] It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide.[1][2] The genus was segregated from Polygonum.[3]

Persicaria amphibia
Persicaria longiseta

Description

The genus includes annual and perennial herbs with taproots or fibrous root systems, and sometimes rhizomes or stolons. The stems are often erect but may be prostrate along the ground, and some species are prickly.[1] The stems are self-supporting or twining and climbing.[4] The leaves are alternately arranged, deciduous, and variously shaped. The brownish or reddish ochrea may be leathery to papery. The inflorescence may be a panicle or a spikelike or headlike arrangement of fascicles of flowers. The flower is white, greenish, reddish, or purple, with the tepals partially fused together along the bases. The fruit is an achene which can take a number of shapes, including a disc or a sphere.[1]

Diversity

There are about 100[1] to 150 species[2][5] in this genus, depending on how it is defined.[3]

Species include:[1][2][6][7]

  • Persicaria affinis (Polygonum affine) – fleece flower
  • Persicaria alata (Polygonum alatum)
  • Persicaria alpina (Polygonum alpinum) – alpine knotweed
  • Persicaria amphibia (Polygonum amphibium) – amphibious bistort, water smartweed
  • Persicaria amplexicaulis (Polygonum amplexicaule) – mountain fleece, red bistort
  • Persicaria arifolia – halberd-leaf tearthumb
  • Persicaria attenuata
  • Persicaria bicornis – pink smartweed
  • Persicaria bistorta (Polygonum bistorta) – common bistort
  • Persicaria bungeana – prickly smartweed
  • Persicaria campanulata (Polygonum campanulatum) – lesser knotweed
  • Persicaria capitata (Polygonum capitatum) – pink-head knotweed, Japanese knotweed
  • Persicaria careyi – Carey's smartweed
  • Persicaria chinensis – Chinese knotweed
  • Persicaria decipiens – slender knotweed, willow-weed
  • Persicaria dichotoma
  • Persicaria elatior
  • Persicaria extremiorientalis
  • Persicaria filiformis
  • Persicaria glabra – smooth smartweed
  • Persicaria glacialis
  • Persicaria hirsuta – hairy smartweed
  • Persicaria hydropiper (Polygonum hydropiper) – water-pepper, marsh-pepper smartweed
  • Persicaria hydropiperoides – swamp smartweed, mild water-pepper
  • Persicaria lapathifolia (Polygonum lapathifolium) – pale persicaria
  • Persicaria longiseta (Polygonum longisetum) – bristly lady's thumb
  • Persicaria maculosa (Polygonum persicaria) – Jesusplant, spotted lady's thumb, redshank
  • Persicaria meisneriana – Mexican tearthumb
  • Persicaria microcephala (Polygonum microcephalum)
  • Persicaria milletii (Polygonum milletii)
  • Persicaria minor (Polygonum minus) – small water-pepper
  • Persicaria mitis (Polygonum mite)
  • Persicaria mollis (Polygonum molle)
  • Persicaria nepalensis (Polygonum nepalense) – Nepal knotweed
  • Persicaria odorata (Polygonum odoratum) – Vietnamese coriander
  • Persicaria orientalis (Polygonum orientale) – kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate, prince's feather, princess-feather
  • Persicaria pensylvanica (Polygonum pensylvanicum) – Pennsylvania smartweed
  • Persicaria perfoliata – devil's tail, giant climbing tearthumb, mile-a-minute weed
  • Persicaria polymorpha – giant fleece flower
  • Persicaria posumbu
  • Persicaria praetermissa
  • Persicaria prostrata – creeping knotweed
  • Persicaria pubescens
  • Persicaria punctata (Polygonum punctatum) – dotted knotweed
  • Persicaria robustior – stout smartweed
  • Persicaria runcinata (Polygonum runciforme)
  • Persicaria sagittata (Polygonum sagittatum) – American tearthumb, arrowleaf tearthumb, arrowvine
  • Persicaria senegalensis
  • Persicaria senticosa
  • Persicaria setacea – bog smartweed
  • Persicaria strigosa – spotted knotweed
  • Persicaria tenuicaulis (Polygonum tenuicaule)
  • Persicaria thunbergii
  • Persicaria tinctoria (Polygonum tinctorium) – Chinese indigo, polygonum-indigo
  • Persicaria vaccinifolia (Polygonum vaccinifolium)
  • Persicaria virginiana (Polygonum virginianum) – jumpseed
  • Persicaria wallichii (Polygonum wallichii) – Himalayan knotweed, Kashmir plume

References

Wikispecies has information related to: Persicaria
Wikibooks' A Wikimanual of Gardening has more about this subject:
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Persicaria. Flora of North America.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Persicaria. New South Wales Flora Online. National Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wilson, K. L. (1990). Some widespread species of Persicaria (Polygonaceae) and their allies. Kew Bulletin 45(4) 621-36.
  4. ↑ Persicaria. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.
  5. ↑ Kantachot, C., et al. (2010). A synopsis of the genus Persicaria (Polygonaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forestry Bulletin (Botany) 38, 128-49.
  6. ↑ Persicaria. Flora of Pakistan.
  7. ↑ GRIN Species Records of Persicaria. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
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