Permanent employment

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Permanent employees, regular employees or the directly employed work for a single employer and are paid directly by that employer. In addition to their wages, they often receive benefits like subsidized health care, paid vacations, holidays, sick time, or contributions to a retirement plan. Permanent employees are often eligible to switch job positions within their companies. Even when employment is "at will", permanent employees of large companies are generally protected from abrupt job termination by severance policies, like advance notice in case of layoffs, or formal discipline procedures. They may be eligible to join a union, and may enjoy both social and financial benefits of their employment.

Rarely permanent employment means employment of an individual that is guaranteed throughout the employee's working life. In the private sector, such jobs are rare; permanent employment is far more common in the public sector, where profit and loss is not as important.

Industry-specific examples

Partner at a law firm
Tenure of a senior academic
Civil service employees, e.g. Beamte in Germany

Regional examples

Japan

In Japan, the concept of lifetime employment (終身雇用　shushin koyo) originated in large companies around 1910 but became widespread in its strongest form during the economic growth period following World War II, beginning around 1955. Labor unions had reacted strongly to mass dismissals in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and court precedents restricted employers' rights to dismiss employees due to business difficulty.^[1]

Large-scale layoffs remain legally restricted and socially taboo in Japan; many large companies such as Sony, Panasonic, NEC and Toshiba deal with excess labor capacity by offering voluntary retirement programs and by sending unnecessary workers to "chasing-out rooms" where they are held with minimal work responsibilities until they decide to resign. The Japanese government under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe began examining possible loosening of the restrictions on layoffs in 2013.^[2]

References

↑ Koshiro, Kazutoshi. "Lifetime employment in Japan: three models of the concept". Foreign Labor Developments. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
↑ Tabuchi, Hiroko (16 August 2013). "Layoffs Taboo, Japan Workers Are Sent to the Boredom Room". New York Times. Retrieved 21 August 2013.

External links

In Japan, Secure Jobs Have a Cost

v t e Employment

Aspects of workplaces Corporate titles Organized labor

Classifications	Casual Contingent Full-time Part-time Self-employed Independent contractor Temporary Tenure Wage labour

Hiring	Application Background check Business networking Contract Cover letter Curriculum Vitæ (CV) Drug testing e-recruitment Employment counsellor Employment reference letter Executive search Induction programme Job fair Job fraud Job hunting Job interview Labour brokering Overqualification Onboarding Personality-Job Fit Theory Person-environment fit Probation Résumé Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates Underemployment Work-at-home scheme

Roles	Co-op Employee Employer Internship Job Numerary Permanent Permatemp Supernumerary Supervisor Volunteer

Worker class	Blue-collar Gold-collar Green-collar Grey-collar Pink-collar White-collar

Career and training	Apprenticeship Avocation Career assessment Career counseling Career development Coaching Creative class Education Continuing education Continuing professional development E-learning Employability Further education Graduate school Induction training Initial Professional Development Knowledge worker Licensure Lifelong learning Practice-based professional learning Professional association Professional certification Professional development Reflective practice Retraining Vocational education Vocational school Vocational university Mentorship Occupational Outlook Handbook Profession Tradesman Vocation

Attendance	Break Career break Furlough Gap year Leave of absence Long service leave No call, no show Sabbatical Sick leave Time clock

Schedules	35-hour workweek Eight-hour day Flextime Four-day week Overtime Retroactive overtime Shift work Telecommuting Working time Workweek and weekend

Wages and salaries	Income bracket Living wage Maximum wage National average salary World Europe Minimum wage Canada Hong Kong Europe USA Progressive wage Singapore Overtime rate Paid time off Performance-related pay Salary Salary cap Working poor

Benefits	Annual leave Casual Friday Day care Disability insurance Health insurance Life insurance Parental leave Pension Sick leave Take-home vehicle

Safety and health	Epilepsy and employment Human factors and ergonomics Industrial noise Protective clothing Occupational burnout Occupational disease Occupational exposure limit Occupational health psychology Occupational injury Occupational stress Repetitive strain injury Sick building syndrome Work accident Occupational fatality Workers' compensation Workplace phobia Workplace wellness

Equality	Affirmative action Equal pay for women

Infractions	Corporate abuse Accounting scandals Corporate behaviour Corporate crime Control fraud Corporate scandals Discrimination Dress code Employee handbook Employee monitoring Evaluation Labour law Sexual harassment Sleeping while on duty Whistleblower Workplace bullying Workplace incivility Workplace killings

Willingness	Civil conscription Conscription Dead-end job Extreme careerism Job satisfaction Organizational commitment McJob Refusal of work Slavery Bonded labor Human trafficking Labor camp Penal labour Peonage Truck system Unfree labour Wage slavery Workaholic Work aversion Work ethic Work–life balance Downshifting Slow living

Termination	At-will employment Dismissal Banishment room Constructive dismissal Wrongful dismissal Employee exit management Exit interview Layoff Notice period Pink slip Resignation Letter of resignation Restructuring Retirement Mandatory retirement Retirement age Severance package Golden handshake Golden parachute Turnover

Unemployment	Barriers to Employment Depression Great Depression Long Depression Discouraged worker Frictional unemployment Full employment Graduate unemployment Jobless recovery Phillips curve Recession Great Recession Great Recession job losses List of recessions Recession-proof job Types of unemployment Unemployment Convention Unemployment benefits Unemployment extension Unemployment insurance Unemployment rates Employment rates Employment-to-population ratio Reserve army of labour Structural unemployment Technological unemployment Wage curve Youth unemployment

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