Paver (vehicle)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Machine laying asphalt concrete, fed by a dump truck.

A paver (paver finisher, asphalt finisher, paving machine) is a piece of construction equipment used to lay asphalt on roads, bridges, parking lots and other such places. It lays the asphalt flat and provides minor compaction before it is compacted by a roller.

History

The asphalt paver was developed by Barber Greene Co., that originally manufactured material handling systems. In 1929 the Chicago Testing Laboratory approached them to use their material loaders to construct asphalt roads.[1] This did not result in a partnership but Barber Greene did develop a machine based on the concrete pavers of the day that mixed and placed the concrete in a single process. This setup did not prove as effective as desired and the processes were separated and the modern paver was on its way.[2] In 1933 the independent float screed was invented and when combined with the tamper bar provided for uniform material density and thickness.[2] Harry Barber filed for a patent a "Machine for and process of laying roads" on 10 April 1936 and received patent U.S. Patent 2,138,828 on 6 December 1938.[3] The main features of the paver developed by Barber Greene Co. have been incorporated into most pavers since, although improvements have been made to control of the machine.[1]

Operation

The asphalt is added from a dump truck or a material transfer unit into the paver's hopper. The conveyor then carries the asphalt from the hopper to the auger. The auger places a stockpile of material in front of the screed. The screed takes the stockpile of material and spreads it over the width of the road and provides initial compaction.[4]

The paver should provide a smooth uniform surface behind the screed. In order to provide a smooth surface the a free floating screen is used. It is towed at the end of a long arm which reduces the base topology effect on the final surface. The height of the screen is controlled by a number of factors including: the attack angle of the screed, weight and vibration of the screed, the material head and the towing force.[4]

To conform to the elevation changes for the final grade of the road modern pavers use automatic screed controls, which generally control the screed's angle of attack from information gathered from a grade sensor. Additional controls are used to correct the slope, crown or superelevation of the finished pavement.[5]

In order to provide a smooth surface the paver should proceed at a constant speed and have a consistent stockpile of material in front of the screed.[6] Increase in material stockpile or paver speed will cause the screed to rise resulting in more asphalt being placed therefore a thicker mat of asphalt and an uneven final surface. Alternatively a decrease in material or a drop in speed will cause the screed to fall and the mat to be thinner.[4]

The need for constant speed and material supply is one of the reasons for using a material transfer unit in combination with a paver. A material transfer unit allows for constant material feed to the paver without contact, providing a better end surface.[5] When a dump truck is used to fill the hopper of the paver, it can make contact with the paver or cause it to change speed and affect the screed height.

Concrete paving

Large freeways are often paved with concrete and this is done using a slipform paver. Trucks dump loads of readymix concrete in heaps along in front of this machine and then the slipform paver spreads the concrete out and levels it off using a screed.

Manufacturers

  • Barber Green Co. (USA) and ((England) - A separate division with the same name) -USA Division was purchased by Caterpillar.
  • B.G. Pavers
  • BOMAG (Germany)
  • Blaw-Knox (now owned by Volvo)
  • Caterpillar Inc. (USA) Acquired original technology from CMI partnership, then purchased Barber Green USA and Bitelli
  • Craig Plant
  • Dynapac (Sweden) - Purchased HOES a European manufacturer
  • Gehl Company
  • LiuGong
  • Niigata (Japan) - Purchased by Sumitomo
  • Roadtec, Inc. (USA) - was split off from Barber Greene USA as a separate company
  • Sumitomo (Japan)
  • Terex (USA) - Former Cederapids models
  • Vogele (Germany) Part of Wirtgen
  • Volvo Construction Equipment (took over Ingersoll-Rand's paving division in 2007)
  • Wirtgen (Germany) - Owns the Vogelle line
  • Allatt (Canada) - (Purchased by Ingersoll Rand then sold to Vogele for the American Market and eventually discontinued)
  • ABG (Germany) - Purchased by Ingersoll Rand and then Volvo
  • Blaw-Knox (USA) and ((England) - A separate division owned by Babcock) English division disbanded, USA division now owned by Volvo
  • Cederapids (USA) - Now part of Terex
  • CMI (USA) - For a while partnered with CAT, but eventually concentrated on other asphalt and concrete products
  • Gilcrest
  • Marini
  • Mauldin (USA)
  • Neal (USA)
  • Raygo (USA)
  • Sakai (Japan)
  • V.T. LeeBoy (USA) - formerly B.R. Lee Industries. Market leader for commercial pavers in the USA. Purchased the rights to some smaller Blaw-Knox pavers from Volvo in 2010.
  • Wilson Engineering Industries Pvt. Ltd. - Market Leader in Eastern India

Gallery

  • A small concrete road paver called a "slipform paver"

  • A large concrete slipform road paver

  • An asphalt paving machine being used to lay the "road base course" this is the layer of rocks under the asphalt.

  • A Road Paver. The rollers at the front push the truck along while unloading. The slat conveyor in the middle drags the asphalt to the back.

  • Asphalt pavers can be on wheels or tracks. Here is a small Blaw Knox wheel type paver on a residential street job.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "History of Asphalt Pavers". europe-construction-equipment.com. Retrieved 11 November 2013. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Heide, Lance. "History of the Asphalt Paver". Maintenance Superintendents Association. Retrieved 11 November 2013. 
  3. ↑ Barber, Harry H. "Machine for and process of laying roads". Barber Greene Co. Retrieved 11 November 2013. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Asphalt Paver". Pavement Interactive. 7 April 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2013. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Certified Technician Program Training Manual for Hot Mix Asphalt Paving. Chapter 3: Indiana Department of Transportation. 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2013. 
  6. ↑ "STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AND BRIDGES". Texas Department of Transportation. 2004. pp. 191–194. Retrieved 23 March 2013. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pavers (vehicles).


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.