Paulownia
| Paulownia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Paulownia tomentosa foliage | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Paulowniaceae |
| Genus: | Paulownia |
| Species | |
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Between 6-17 species, including: | |
Paulownia is a genus of from 6 to 17 species (depending on taxonomic authority) of plants in the family Paulowniaceae, related to and sometimes included in the Scrophulariaceae. They are native to much of China, south to northern Laos and Vietnam, and long cultivated elsewhere in eastern Asia, notably in Japan and Korea (오동나무). They are deciduous trees 12–15 m (40–50 ft) tall, with large, heart-shaped leaves 15–40 cm across, arranged in opposite pairs on the stem. The flowers are produced in early spring on panicles 10–30 cm long, with a tubular purple corolla resembling a foxglove flower. The fruit is a dry capsule, containing thousands of minute seeds.
The genus, originally Pavlovnia but now usually spelled Paulownia, was named in honour of Anna Pauwlona queen consort of The Netherlands (1795–1865), daughter of Tsar Paul I of Russia. It is also called "princess tree" for the same reason. [1]
Paulownia tomentosa is listed as an invasive species in the southeastern United States, having been introduced there as an ornamental tree for its decorative flowers.[2]
Uses
It is popular in its native China for roadside planting and as an ornamental tree. Paulownia needs a lot of light and does not like high water tables. Paulownia grown on plantations generally has widely spaced growth rings. The soft wood is also important in China, Korea, and Japan for making the soundboards of stringed musical instruments such as the guqin, guzheng, pipa, koto, and kayagum. [citation needed]
Paulownia is known in Japanese as kiri (桐), specifically referring to P. tomentosa; it is also known as the "princess tree". It was once customary to plant a Paulownia tree when a baby girl was born, and then to make it into a dresser as a wedding present when she married. Paulownia is the mon of the office of prime minister and also serves as the emblem of the cabinet and the government (vis-à-vis the chrysanthemum being the Imperial Seal of Japan). It is one of the suits in hanafuda, associated with the month of December. Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia (page 1189; Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993. ISBN 4-06-931098-3) states:
- Paulownia wood is very light, fine-grained, soft, and warp-resistant and is used for chests, boxes, and clogs (geta). Its low silica content reduces dulling of blades, making it a preferred wood for boxes to hold fine Japanese edge tools. The wood is burned to make charcoal for sketching and powder for fireworks, the bark is made into a dye The silvery-grey wood is sliced into veneers for special visiting cards.[3]
More recently, it is used as body material for low-cost electric guitars and as the core for lightweight touring skis. It is often used in guitars as the core body, then laminated under a more durable wood, such as the Dean ML XM that is made of Paulownia as the body but is topped with mahogany.
Paulownia is extremely fast growing; up to 20 feet in one year when young. Some species of plantation Paulownia can be harvested for saw timber in as little as five years. Once the trees are harvested, they regenerate from their existing root systems, earning them the name of the "Phoenix tree."
To prevent soil erosion a large reforestation project in China increased food production in the Yellow River and Yangtse flood plains and halted erosion on approximately 3.15 million ha (12,200 sq mi) of land.
As a forestry crop Paulownia are exacting in their requirements, performing well only in very well draining soil, with summer rainfall or availability of irrigation water. A great deal of trialling and development by the pioneers of a Paulownia industry in Australia, Joe Virtanen of Australian Paulownia Trees and Plantations and James Lawrence of Toad Gully Growers, has shown there is a lot that can be done toward ensuring a successful plantation; primarily through selection of top genetics and improving the growing conditions, such as cultivation to increase drainage and adding fertiliser and irrigation. [citation needed]
Species
- Genus Paulownia
- Paulownia australis
- Paulownia catalpifolia
- Paulownia coreana (Paulownia tomentosa var. coreana)
- Paulownia duclouxii
- Paulownia elongata
- Paulownia fargesii
- Paulownia fortunei — Dragon tree. [4] [5]
- Paulownia glabrata
- Paulownia grandifolia
- Paulownia imperialis
- Paulownia kawakamii
- Paulownia lilacina
- Paulownia longifolia
- Paulownia meridionalis
- Paulownia mikado
- Paulownia recurva
- Paulownia rehderiana
- Paulownia shensiensis
- Paulownia silvestrii
- Paulownia taiwaniana
- Paulownia thyrsoidea
- Paulownia tomentosa
- Paulownia viscosa
References
- ↑ Rush Industries, 2000.
- ↑ "Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual".
- ↑ Lincoln, William L. (1986). World Woods in Color. Fresno: Linden Publishing. p. 143.
- ↑ Virginia Tech: Paulownia fortunei — Dragon tree
- ↑ Wikimedia commons — Category: Paulownia fortunei — images.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paulownia. |
External links
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Wikispecies has information related to: Paulownia |
- Paulownia forestry information
- Paulownia Research Center in China (Shaanxi) (in English)
- Flora of China - Paulownia
- Paulownia trees.org
- silvatree.com: Paulownia forestry
- fadr.msu.ru: "Paulownia, the Tree of Choice in China"