Paul Alan Yule

Paul Yule

Paul Alan Yule is an archaeologist at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (habilitation). He studied at the University of Minnesota (BA), New York University (MA and PhD) and Marburg University. His main work targets the archaeology of India, Oman, and the Yemen.

Yule's dissertation, Early Cretan Seals, classifies and dates the seals from the Early and Middle Bronze Ages on Minoan Crete.^[1]

In the 1980s, with the support of Swami Omanand Saraswati, he catalogued and evaluated metallic artefacts of the so-called Copper Hoard Culture by means of European methods and models for the first time, whereby numerous finds came to light in the Kanya Gurukul in Narela/Haryana.^[2] These artefacts appear to be non-functional objects, probably used in rituals or simply deposited in hoards, to judge from a lack of use-wear. Far away in Odisha, Yule published a find from a metals period cemetery in Sankarjang may be the earliest musical instrument in India. He documented the early historic fortress at Sisupalgarh by means of a laser scanner, ground penetrating radar and a hand-held GPS receiver.^[3] Together with Corinna Borchert Yule uncovered illegal building development within this nationally protected Mauryan site.^[4] From 2001-2004 in India, Yule documented so-called mud forts and other archaeological sites for the first time, especially in Odisha and Chhattisgarh.

Yule's study of the prehistory of Oman began in the 1980s at the site of Samad al-Shan which sheds light on the protoliterate Late Iron Age population of central Oman.^[5] It comes into view as early as 250-100 BCE or later and we lose track of it around 300 CE far prior to the arrival of Islam in Oman. The chronology of the Samad Late Iron Age is the most controversial part of his published work, which in later publications he adjusted especially after 2006. The site Samad yields eastern Arabian artefacts of different periods. A further project, the cataloguing of the metal hoard find from Ibri-Selme, which he published with Gerd Weisgerber, studies the largest hoard of metallic artefacts to occur in the Near East.^[6] Stashed in an Umm an-Nar period communal tomb, these date to the Early Iron Age. New excavations were intended to add greater definition to the Iron Age.^[7] In the mid 1990s Yule and Weisgerber mapped and studied the Bronze Age tower tombs of Jaylah on the Jebel Akhdar, which date to the mid-late 3rd millennium BCE.^[8] Yule sought late antique habitation in his excavation at Izki/al-Yemen.

Yule's field-work at the site of Zafar, capital of the Himyarite Tribal Confederation, in the Yemenite highlands, field operations continued from 1998 to 2010 with a budget of 5,300,000 Euros. This project illuminates especially on the culture of the Himyarite period (110 BCE - 525 CE). He excavated most notably a 1.70 m high relief-statue depicted wearing a crown which depicts a Christian Aksumite king. He argues that Himyarite culture is not really foreign to Islam but actually is a sire which passed on its genes. One wonders what Islamic religion and culture would be like without this influence. Excavated finds contradict the characterisation of Himyarite culture especially visual arts as decadent - a term which can be understood in different ways.^[9] Yule considered late pre-Islam in the Yemen to be his most important scientific contribution.^[10]

Within the framework of the Open Access movement Yule emphasises the archiving of his research materials and publications as soon as possible so as to make them publicly available. He does this largely by means of the image bank HeidICON.

Notes

See also

• Archaeology of Oman
• Copper Hoard Culture
• Jaugada
• Masnaat Mariya
• Mifsas Bahri
• Samad al-Shan
• Sisupalgarh
• Zafar, Yemen

External links

Zafar/Yemen Photo Archive, University of Heidelberg Project: HeidICON, since 01.03.2008,

• http://heidicon.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/module/extlinks.php/pool/zafar

Collected digital works of the author regarding South Asia, University of Heidelberg Project Savifah:

• http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/schriftenreihen_ebene2.php?sr_id=12&la=de

Collected digital works of the author regarding Arabia, University of Heidelberg Project: HeidDOK

• http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/schriftenreihen_ebene2.php?sr_id=5&la=de
• http://semitistik.uni-hd.de/yule/zafar-himyar/index.htm

Zafar Virtual Museum

• http://zafar.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de