Patient Health Questionnaire
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The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is a multiple-choice self-report inventory, used as a screening and diagnostic tool for mental health disorders of depression, anxiety, alcohol, eating, and somatoform. It was designed for use in the primary care setting and lacks coverage for disorders seen in psychiatric settings.[1] It is a public domain scale that is available without cost in several languages.
The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), a diagnostic tool containing modules on 5 different mental health disorders was developed in the mid-1990s.
The PHQ, a self-administered version of the PRIME-MD, contains the depression (PHQ-9), anxiety, alcohol, eating, and somatoform modules as covered in the original PRIME-MD.[2]
The PHQ-9, a tool specific to depression, simply scores each of the 9 DSM-IV criteria based on the mood module from the original PRIME-MD.[3] This tool is used in a variety of different contexts, including clinical settings across the United States as well as research studies. One study which used the PHQ-9, examined if college student displays of depression symptoms on Facebook were representative of offline symptoms. Results demonstrated that those who displayed depression symptoms on Facebook scored higher on the PHQ-9, suggesting that those display depression symptoms on Facebook are experiencing them offline.[4]
The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) is a shorter version of the PHQ-9 with two screening questions to assess the presence of a depressed mood and a loss of interest or pleasure in routine activities; a positive response to either question indicates further testing is required.[5]
The GAD-7 scores 7 common anxiety symptoms.
The PHQ-15 scores somatic symptoms.
The PHQ-SADS includes PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PHQ-15, plus panic symptoms from PHQ.
References
- ↑ Blacker D. Psychiatric Rating Scales. In Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P (eds) Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th ed. 2009. p. 1042. ISBN 978-0-7817-6899-3
- ↑ Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. JAMA. Nov 10;282(18):1737–44. PMID 10568646.
- ↑ Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 16(9):606. PMID 11556941
- ↑ Moreno, Megan Andreas, et al. "A pilot evaluation of associations between displayed depression references on Facebook and self-reported depression using a clinical scale." The journal of behavioral health services & research 39.3 (2012): 295-304.
- ↑ Whooley MA, Avins AL, Miranda J, Browner WS (July 1997). "Case-finding instruments for depression. Two questions are as good as many". J Gen Intern Med 12 (7): 439–45. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.00076.x. PMC 1497134. PMID 9229283.
External links
- Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) Screeners – official web site
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