Parvipelvia

Parvipelvia Temporal range: Late Triassic-Late Cretaceous, 210–93.5Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Ichthyosaurus breviceps fossil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	†Ichthyosauria
Clade:	†Euichthyosauria
Node:	†Parvipelvia Motani, 1999

Parvipelvia (Latin for "little pelvis" - parvus meaning "little" and pelvis meaning "pelvis") is an extinct clade of euichthyosaur ichthyosaurs from the Late Triassic to the early Late Cretaceous (middle Norian - Cenomanian) of Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Named by Ryosuke Motani, in 1999, it contains the basal taxa like Macgowania and Hudsonelpidia.^[1] Maisch and Matzke (2000) found in their analysis seven synapomorphies that support Parvipelvia. They also found 10 synapomorphies that support the existence of post-Triassic clade of ichthyosaurs (all parvipelvians excluding Macgowania and Hudsonelpidia), for which the name Neoichthyosauria was found to be available.^[2]

Phylogeny

Parvipelvia is a node-based taxon defined in 1999 as "the last common ancestor of Hudsonelpidia, Macgowania, Ichthyosaurus and all of its descendants".^[1] Maisch and Matzke (2000) also defined Neoichthyosauria which is a node-based taxon originally named by P. Martin Sander in 2000, as "the last common ancestor of Temnodontosaurus trigonodon and Ophthalmosaurus icenicus and all of its descendants".^[2] The cladograms below follows Motani (1999) and Maisch and Matzke (2000).^[1][2]

References

v t e Ichthyosaurs Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Diapsida Superorder: Ichthyopterygia   Basal ichthyosaurs Basal taxa ?Chaohusaurus Quasianosteosauridae Quasianosteosaurus Hueneosauria Mixosauria Mixosauridae Mixosaurinae Barracudasauroides Mixosaurus Phalarodontinae ?Contectopalatus Phalarodon Wimaniidae Wimanius Longipinnati Cymbospondylidae Cymbospondylus Phantomosaurus Toretocnemidae Qianichthyosaurus Toretocnemus Merriamosauria Thalattoarchon ?Besanosauridae ?Besanosaurus Californosauridae Californosaurus ?Merriamosauridae ?Pessopteryx Shastasauria / Shastasauridae ?Besanosaurus ?Mikadocephalus ?Pessopteryx Shastasaurinae Guanlingsaurus Himalayasaurus Shastasaurus Shonisaurus Euichthyosauria Callawayia Guizhouichthyosaurus ?Mikadocephalus Parvipelvia Nomina dubia Pachygonosaurus Pessosaurus   Parvipelvia Hudsonelpidiidae Hudsonelpidia Macgowaniidae Macgowania Suevoleviathanidae Suevoleviathan Neoichthyosauria Hauffiopteryx Temnodontosauridae Temnodontosaurus Eurhinosauria / Leptonectidae Leptonectes Eurhinosaurus Excalibosaurus Thunnosauria Malawania Ichthyosauridae Ichthyosaurus Baracromia Chacaicosaurus Stenopterygius Ophthalmosauria / Ophthalmosauridae Arthropterygius Cryopterygius Palvennia Ophthalmosaurinae Acamptonectes Leninia Mollesaurus Ophthalmosaurus Platypterygiinae Aegirosaurus Athabascasaurus Brachypterygius Caypullisaurus Maiaspondylus ?Nannopterygius Platypterygius Sveltonectes Undorosaurus   Related categories Ichthyosaurs Marine reptiles Triassic reptiles