Parsonsia

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For the genus in the botanical family Lythraceae, see Cuphea.
Parsonsia
Parsonsia heterophylla
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Parsonsia
R.Br.
Species

See text.

Parsonsia is a genus of woody vines of the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. Species occur from South East Asia to New Guinea as well as in New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Australia and New Zealand.

Description

The leaves are opposite, the shape and size of juvenile leaves often bearing little resemblance to the adult leaves.[1] The latex may be clear and colourless, pale yellow or milky white.[1] The flowers are green, white, cream, yellow, orange, red, pink or brown, sometimes with contrasting markings.[2] These are followed by elongated pod-like capsules, the two follicles eventually separating to reveal numerous seeds with long, silky hairs.[1]

Taxonomy

The genus was named and formerly described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in his paper On the Asclepiadeae published in Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society .[3] He named the genus in honour of James Parsons (1705–1770), an English physician and Fellow of the Royal Society.[4]

The generic name Parsonsia R.Br. (1810) is conserved against the earlier homonym Parsonsia P.Browne which was given to a genus in the family Lythraceae.The latter genus is now included in Cuphea.[5]

Species

Parsonsia brownii
Parsonsia brownii

There are about 130 species in the genus including:[2]

  • Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb. - native to China, Taiwan, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Australia.[3][6][7]
  • Parsonsia apiculata D.J.Middleton
  • Parsonsia appressa D.J.Middleton - native to Papua New Guinea[7]
  • Parsonsia bartlensis J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia blakeana J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia brachiata Baillon ex Guillaumin - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia brassii Markgr. - native to Papua New Guinea [7]
  • Parsonsia brisbanensis J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia brownii (Britten) Pichon - Mountain Silkpod, native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia burnensis Boerl. - native to Papua New Guinea[7]
  • Parsonsia capsularis (Forster f.) R. Br. - endemic to New Zealand[9]
  • Parsonsia catalpaecarpa - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia constricta D.J.Middleton
  • Parsonsia crebriflora Baill. - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia curvisepala K. Schum. - native to Papua New Guinea and The Philippines[7][10]
  • Parsonsia densiflora D.J.Middleton - native to Papua New Guinea [7]
  • Parsonsia densivestita C.T.White - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia diaphanophleba F.Muell. - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia dorrigoensis J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia edulis (G. Benn.) Guillaumin - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia effusa S. Moore - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia eucalyptophylla F.Muell. - Gargaloo, native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia ferruginea J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia flavescens Merr. & L.M. Perry - native to Papua New Guinea [7][11]
  • Parsonsia flexilis - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia flexuosa Baill. - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia franchetii - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia fulva S.T.Blake - Furry Silkpod, native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia goniostemon Hand.-Mazz. - native to China[6]
  • Parsonsia grandiflora D.J.Middleton[3] - native to Indonesia[12]
  • Parsonsia grayana J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia hebetica Markgr. - native to Papua New Guinea [7]
  • Parsonsia heterophylla A. Cunn.- native to New Zealand[9]
  • Parsonsia howeana J.B.Williams - endemic to Lord Howe Island[3]
  • Parsonsia induplicata F.Muell. - Thin-leaved Silkpod, native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia kimberleyensis J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia kroombitensis J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia laevis - native to Fiji and New Guinea[11][13]
  • Parsonsia lanceolata R.Br. - Rough Silkpod, native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia langiana F.Muell. - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia larcomensis J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia largiflorens (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Blake - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia lata Markgr.- native to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea [5][7]
  • Parsonsia latifolia (Benth.) S.T.Blake - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia laxiflora - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia leichhardtii F.Muell. - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia lenticellata C.T.White - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia lilacina F.Muell. - Crisped Silkpod, native to Australia
  • Parsonsia longiloba D.J.Middleton
  • Parsonsia longiflora Guillaumin - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia longipetiolata J.B.Williams - Silk-leaved Silkpod, native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia macrophylla Pichon ex Guillaumin. - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia neobudica Guillaumin - native to Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu[7][14]
  • Parsonsia novoguinensis D.J.Middleton- native to Papua New Guinea [7]
  • Parsonsia oligantha (K.Schum.) D.J.Middleton - native to Papua New Guinea [7]
  • Parsonsia pachycarpa Guillaumin - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia paulforsteri J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia pedunculata Markgr. - native to Papua New Guinea [7]
  • Parsonsia plaesiophylla S.T.Blake - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia populifolia Baill. - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia purpurascens J.B.Williams - Black Silkpod, native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia rotata Maiden & Betche - Veinless Silkpod, native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia rubra Kaneh. & Hatus. J. - native to Papua New Guinea [7][11]
  • Parsonsia sanguinea Markgr. - native to Papua New Guinea and Australia[3][7][11]
  • Parsonsia sankowskyana J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia scabra (Labill.) Markgr. -native to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia schoddei D.J.Middleton - native to Papua New Guinea [7]
  • Parsonsia straminea (R.Br.) F.Muell. - Common Silkpod, Monkey Rope, native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia sundensis D.J.Middleton[3]- native to East Timor[15]
  • Parsonsia tenuiflora D.J.Middleton[3]
  • Parsonsia tenuis S.T.Blake - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia terminaliifolia - endemic to New Caledonia[8]
  • Parsonsia vaccinoides Markgr. - native to Papua New Guinea [7]
  • Parsonsia velutina R.Br. - native to Australia and New Guinea[3][7]
  • Parsonsia ventricosa F.Muell. - Acuminate Silkpod[3]
  • Parsonsia warenensis Kanehira & Hatusima - native to Papua New Guinea [7]
  • Parsonsia wildensis J.B.Williams - native to Australia[3]
  • Parsonsia wongabelensis J.B.Williams- native to Australia[3]

Cultivation

A species from New Zealand, Parsonsia variablis (Variable-leaved Parsonsia), was introduced into cultivation in England in 1847 as a greenhouse plant and was noted to have a sweet scent, however the flowers were regarded as "not very showy".[16] This species is thought to be a form of Parsonsia heterophylla.[9]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Genus Parsonsia". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2009-05-21. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Parsonsia". FloraBase. Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Western Australia. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 3.38 3.39 "Parsonsia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2009-05-19. 
  4. ↑ Bennett, John J. (1850). The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown: Vol.II. Retrieved 2009-05-21. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Genus: Parsonsia P. Browne". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. Retrieved 2009-05-21. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Parsonsia". Flora of China. efloras.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 Conn, Barry J. "Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea". Plants of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea National Herbarium and the National Herbarium of New South Wales. Retrieved 2009-05-19. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 "Genre Parsonsia R.Br.". Endémía - Faune & Flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retrieved 2009-05-19. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "PARSONSIA R. Br., 1809". Retrieved 2009-05-19. 
  10. ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Indonesian Biodiversity Information System (IBIS) online". Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Retrieved 2009-05-19. 
  12. ↑ "Parsonsia grandiflora D.J. Middleton". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2009-05-31. 
  13. ↑ "Parsonsia laevis". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19. 
  14. ↑ "Parsonsia neo-ebudica". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19. 
  15. ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-31. 
  16. ↑ Moore, Thomas; William P. Ayres (1850). Gardeners' magazine of botany, horticulture, floriculture, and natural science (William S. Orr and Co.) 1: 120. 
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