Paris Defence

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Paris Defence
abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
c6 black knight
d6 black pawn
e5 black pawn
c4 white bishop
e4 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 d6
ECO C50
Named after Rodzinski vs. Alekhine, Paris 1913
Parent Italian Game
Synonym(s) Semi-Italian
"Half" Giuoco Piano
"Lesser" Giuoco Piano

The Paris Defence is one of Black's responses to the Italian Game.[1] It begins with the moves:

1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bc4 d6

Black's intent is to play a Hungarian Defense with an early ...Bg4, fighting for control of the d4-square. The line was tried by Alexander Alekhine early in his career.[2][3] The first recorded use in international competition was in 1846.[citation needed]


This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Lines

Main line: 4.c3

  • 4...Bg4 5.d4 Qe7 6.Be3 Nf6 7.Qb3 Nd8 8.Nbd2 g6 9.dxe5 and White was slightly better in Levenfish–Tolush, Leningrad 1939 (Black won).[4][2][1]
  • 4...Qe7 5.d4 g6 or 5.0-0 g6 is satisfactory for Black (Alekhine).
  • 4...Be6 is preferred by Tartakower.

4.d4

4... Bg4 (after 4...exd4 5.Nxd4 Nf6 6.Nc3 White has the freer game according to Keres; instead of 5...Nf6 Evans has suggested 5...g6!?)[2] and now:

  • 5. c3 and now:
    • 5...Qd7 and White has some space advantage after either 6.d5 or 6.Bb5 (Keres), or 6.Be3 (Evans).[2]
    • 5...Nf6 6.Qb3 +/− (Keres).
    • 5...Qf6 6.Be3 Bxf3 7.Qxf3 +/= (Keres).
    • 5...Qe7 transposes to the Main line.
  • 5. h3! and White is slightly better,[1] for example: 5... Bxf3 6. Qxf3 and now:
    • 6...Nf6 7.d5 (Unzicker).
    • 6...Qf6 7.Qb3 Nd8 8.dxe5 dxe5 9.Be3 Bd6 10.Nc3 Ne7 11.Nb5 a6 12.Nxd6 Qxd6 13.0-0 Qc6 14.f4! and White had the attack in Gavrikov–Vladimirov, USSR 1978 (Unzicker).

4.h3

White prevents Black's thematic ...Bg4. The reply 4.h3 leads to lines similar to the Hungarian Defense, for example: 4... Be7 5. d4 and now:

  • 5...Nf6 6.d5 Nb8 7.Bd3 0-0 8.Be3 a5 9.g4!? (Keres preferred 9.c4) Na6 10.Qd2 c6 11.c4 Nd7 12.Nc3 Ndc5 leading to a sharp game with balanced chances in Kupreichik–Podgayets, USSR 1970.[2]
  • 5...Nxd4 6.Nxd4 exd4 7.Qh5 g6 8.Qd5 Be6 9.Qxb7 Nf6 10.Bxe6 fxe6 11.Qc6+ Kf7 12.Nd2 Qd7 13.Qc4 c5 14.0-0 d5 = Sax–Ivkov, Amsterdam 1976 (Unzicker).

4.Nc3

This transposes to the game Maslov–Lutikov, USSR 1963, which continued 4...Bg4 5.h3 Bxf3 6.Qxf3 Nf6 7.Ne2 (or 7.d3) +/= (Keres).

Notable game

Rodzinski vs. Alekhine, 1913
abcdefgh
8
a8 white queen
f8 black bishop
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
d7 black king
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
c6 black knight
d6 black pawn
e5 black pawn
c4 black queen
e4 white pawn
g4 black bishop
c3 white pawn
f3 white pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
e1 white king
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Position after 11.f3
Rodzinski versus Alekhine, Paris 1913:[1][2]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 d6 4. c3 Bg4 5. Qb3!?

5.d4, the Main line, is better.

5... Qd7 6. Ng5?!

6.Bxf7+ Qxf7 7.Qxb7 Kd7 8.Qxa8 Bxf3 9.gxf3 Qxf3 10.Rg1 Qxe4+ 11.Kd1 Qf3+ 12.Ke1 Qe4+ = (Alekhine), or 12...e4 13.Na3 Ne5 14.Qxa7 Nd3+ 15.Kf1 = (Sozin).

6... Nh6 7. Nxf7 Nxf7 8. Bxf7+ Qxf7 9. Qxb7 Kd7 10. Qxa8 Qc4 11. f3 (see diagram) Bxf3! 12. gxf3 Nd4 13. d3?

13.cxd4 Qxc1+ −/+
13... Qxd3 14. cxd4 Be7 15. Qxh8 Bh4# 0–1

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Kasparov, Keene (1982), pp. 308–9
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Harding, Botterill (1977), pp. 129–30
  3. ↑ Horowitz (1964), pp. 40–41
  4. ↑ "Levenfish vs Tolush, USSR Championship 1939". Chessgames.com. 

Bibliography


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