Pariah state

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This map shows countries that are either currently labeled as pariah states, or were formerly labeled as pariah states by the international community.
A pariah state is a nation whose conduct is considered to be out of line with international norms of behavior by either the rest of the international community (such as the United Nations), or by some of its most powerful states. A pariah state may face International isolation, sanctions or even an invasion by nations who find its policies or actions unacceptable. The term is closely related to the phrase "Rogue state".

Definitions

There is no definitive definition of a pariah state, the term has been applied to different states at different times, and is often a designation made for political purposes.

List

At various times in the past, the following states have been labeled or treated as pariahs in the international system. Some of them are still labeled as such at present:

Current

Former

Henley's Visa Restrictions Index, 2012

The following table lists the pariah states, by the number of countries - the pariah state's nationals could enter freely (i.e. without a visa) - in 2012, according to Henley's Visa Restrictions Index 2012 (while the numbers in brackets indicate the Pariah state's HDI in 2012 - as published by UNDP in March 2013). Figures of parallel regular states are given as well, for comparison.

Pariah state Number of countries, the
pariah state's nationals
could enter freely (i.e.
without a visa), in 2012 		As opposed to a
regular state (e.g. an
OECD or an EU or an
APEC or a CELAC state)		 Number of countries, the
regular state's nationals
could enter freely (i.e.
without a visa), in 2012
 Belarus 59
(2012 HDI: 793) 		 Iceland 159
(2012 HDI: 906)
 Zimbabwe 58
(2012 HDI: 397) 		 Malta 156
(2012 HDI: 847)
 Uzbekistan 51
(2012 HDI: 654) 		 Slovenia 151
(2012 HDI: 892)
 Equatorial Guinea 40
(2012 HDI: 554) 		 Argentina 140
(2012 HDI: 811)
 North Korea 39
(2012 HDI: N/A) 		 Brunei 139
(2012 HDI: 855)
 Iran 37
(2012 HDI: 742) 		 Romania 138
(2012 HDI: 786)
 Kosovo 37
(2012 HDI: N/A) 		 Bulgaria 137
(2012 HDI: 782)
 Syria 37
(2012 HDI: 648 		 Chile 137
(2012 HDI: 819)
 Sudan 36
(2012 HDI: 414 		 Barbados 135
(2012 HDI: 825)
 Eritrea 34
(2012 HDI: 351 		 Bahamas 133
(2012 HDI: 794)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Abkhazia: A promising pariah on the Black Sea - Editorials & Commentary - International Herald Tribune
  2. ↑ Belarus Cracks Down, VOA, April 1, 2008
  3. ↑ Colombia is ‘Pariah State’ Says TUC, Justice for Colombia news, June 17, 2009
  4. ↑ "Ethiopia troops attack rebels inside pariah state Eritrea". National Post. Reuters. 15 March 2012. "Despite the repeated denials that it is not a destabilising force in the volatile Horn of Africa region, Eritrea is widely regarded in the international community as a pariah state and is deeply mistrusted by its neighbours" 
  5. ↑ Michela Wrong (3 August 2011). "How double-dealing built a pariah state". Financial Times. 
  6. ↑ Djibouti says Eritrea will bow to UN sanctions, Reuters Africa, April 21, 2010
  7. ↑ Obiang, dictator in fashion in New York, afrol.com, September 9, 2000
  8. ↑ Trita Parsi (2007). Treacherous Alliance, The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran and the United States. London: Yale University Press. p. 97. ISBN 0-300-12057-5. 
  9. ↑
    • David Rodman (2000). "5. "Normal" or "Special" ?". In Laura Zittrain Eisenberg, Neil Caplan. Review Essays in Israel Studies. Suny Series in Israeli Studies, Vol. 5. State University of New York Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-7914-4422-1. "For most of the post-1967 period, Israel has been a pariah state in the world community" 
    • Robert E. Harkavy (1981). "Pariah states and nuclear proliferation". International Organization (Cambridge University Press) 35 (1): 135–163. doi:10.1017/S0020818300004112. "In recent years, a new international actor—the pariah state—has mounted the global stage. Although rough historical precedents may be discerned, the present international system appears to have produced a novel phenomenon, whereby some isolated small states, lacking assured and credible outside security support, find themselves unable to take advantage of traditional balance-of-power mechanisms. Taiwan, South Africa, and Israel fit this description best, South Korea less so; Pakistan and Chile are also candidates." 
    • Irving Louis Horowitz (1976). "24. From Pariah People to Pariah Nation: Jews, Israelis and the Third World". In Michael Curtis, Susan Aurelia Gitelson. Israel in the Third World. Transaction Publishers. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-87855-603-8. "Israel has been defined as a pariah nation, suited to harboring a "settler people"" 
    • Ian Bellany (2007). "1. Material dangers". In Ian Bellany. Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Responding to the challenge. Routledge. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-0-415-57065-7. "Israel is a pariah" 
    • L. Carl Brown (2004). "VI. Conclusion: Making Sense of Middle East Diplomacy". In L. Carl Brown. Diplomacy in the Middle East: The International Relations of Regional and Outside Powers. I. B. Tauris. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-86064-899-1. "Israel has been throughout most of its existence a pariah state in the midst of the Arab world" 
    • Micah Zenko (8 March 2012). "Come Out of the Nuclear Closet". The New York Times. "Israel has pigeonholed itself as an international pariah, allowing adversaries and the nonaligned movement to use Israeli intransigence as an excuse to slow progress on nuclear nonproliferation objectives, including preventing a nuclear Iran" 
  10. ↑ Rupert Cornwell (October 18, 2002). "North Korea: A pariah state, its secret nuclear programme – and a new crisis for Bush". London: The Independent. Retrieved 2008-01-19. 
  11. ↑ Sudan's War on Itself; From Rogue State to Pariah State
  12. ↑ , OpenDemocracy, June 6, 2000
  13. ↑ Ash, Lucy (1 April 2004). "Misery in a pariah state". BBC News. Retrieved 5 April 2013. 
  14. ↑ Leonard, Peter (6 July 2012). "US cozies up to outcast Uzbekistan for Afghan role". Associated Press. Retrieved 5 April 2013. 
  15. ↑ Kendzior, Sarah (5 March 2013). "Does it matter if the West gives military aid to Uzbekistan?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 5 April 2013. 
  16. ↑ Mugabe made Zimbabwe a pariah state, says Straw, Daily Telegraph, August 25, 2002
  17. ↑ Frozen In Time, TIME, 156(21), May 29, 2000
  18. ↑ En route to the EU, European Policy Centre, April 2010
  19. ↑ The Argentine Pariah
  20. ↑ Asean Can Act as Burma's Bridge to the World
  21. ↑ At Last, Justice Comes to Cambodia, Yale Global Online, February 13, 2009
  22. ↑ Chile, International War Crimes Report, June 4, 2010
  23. ↑ Zaire - Involvement in the Angolan Civil War, countrydata.com, 1993
  24. ↑ Haiti Crisis, Washington Post, March 1, 2004
  25. ↑ Iraq 10: The spring never came
  26. ↑ Arrest warrant for Liberian leader, BBC News, June 4, 2003
  27. ↑ Taylor's Liberia becoming pariah nation, afrol.com, January 20
  28. ↑ Paul Keller (January 6, 2004). "Libya's two decades as pariah state". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-01-19. 
  29. ↑ Alfredo Stroessner; Paraguayan Dictator, Washington Post, August 17, 2006
  30. ↑ Fujimori Blurs Line Between Dictator, Democrat, The Washington Post, May 28, 2000
  31. ↑ http://www.srilankamirror.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4716:lanka-a-pariah-state-after-israeli-ambassador-came-to-the-defence&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50
  32. ↑ Thomas H. Henriksen, 'The Rise and Decline of Rogue States'. Journal of International Affairs, 54(2), 2001, 349-373.
  33. ↑ Susan Willett (1995). "The Legacy of a Pariah State: South Africa's Arms Trade in the 1990s". Review of African Political Economy 64: 151–166. 
  34. ↑ Turkmenistan: Introduction
  35. ↑ War crimes fugitive Mladic arrested MSN News UK, May 26, 2011
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