Panoan languages

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Pánoan
Geographic
distribution:		 southwestern Amazon
Linguistic classification: Pano–Tacanan?
  • Pánoan
Subdivisions:
  • —
Ethnologue code: 17-330

Panoan languages (dark green) and Takanan languages (light green). Spots indicate documented locations.

Panoan (also Pánoan, Panoano, Panoana, Páno) is a family of languages spoken in Peru, western Brazil, and Bolivia. It is a branch of the larger Pano–Tacanan family.

Family division

Panoan consists of some two dozen languages:

  • Kaxararí (AKA Kashararí) (Eastern Panoan)
  • Kulino (AKA Culino) (†)
  • "Mainline" branch
    • Cashibo group (Western Panoan)
      • Nocamán (AKA Nokamán, Nocomán) (†)
      • Cashibo (AKA Cacataibo, Kashibo, Cashibo, Caxibo, Cacibo, Cachibo, Cahivo, Managua, Hagueti)
    • Pano group
      • Pánobo (AKA Panobo, Manoa, Pelado) (†)
      • Huariapano (AKA Pano, Waripano, Pana, Pelado) (†)
    • Shipibo group
      • Shipibo (AKA Shipibo-Conibo, Shipibo-Konibo)
      • Capanahua (AKA Kapanawa)
      • Marubo (AKA Marobo, Marúbo, Maruba, Marova, Kaniuá)
      • Waninnawa (AKA Panoan Katukína, Catuquina, Kamanawa, Kamannaua, Katukina do Juruá, Katukina Pano)
      • Remo (AKA Sakuya, Kukini, Rheno) (†)
      • Tuxinawa (AKA Tushinawa, Tuxináwa, Tuchinaua) (†)
    • Tri-State group (AKA Amawak–Jaminawa)
      • Amahuaca (AKA Amawaka, Amaguaco, Ameuhaque, Ipitineri, Sayaco, Amawáka, Amawaca, Amenguaca, Sayacu)
      • Isconahua (AKA Iscobakebo, Iskonawa, Iscobaquebu)
      • Cashinahua (AKA Kashinawa, Kaxinawa, Tuxinawa, Kaxinawá, Kaxynawa, Caxinawa, Caxinawá, Cashinahuá, Kaxinauá)
      • Yora (AKA Yura, Yoranahua, Parquenahua, Manu Park Panoan, Nahua)
      • Yaminahua (AKA Yaminawa, Jaminawá, Yuminahua, Yamanawa, Jaminawa)
        • Yawanawa (AKA Iauanauá, Jawanaua, Yahuanahua)
        • Shaninawa (AKA Xaninaua)
        • Sharanawa (AKA Marinahua, Mastanahua, Sharanahua, Acre Arara, Marináwa)
      • Atsahuaca (AKA Yamiaca, Atsawaka-Yamiaka) (†)
      • Parannawa (†)
      • Puinaua (AKA Poyanawa, Poyanáwa, Poianáua, Puinahua) (†?)
      • Xipinahua (AKA Shipinawa, Xipináwa, Shipinahua) (†)
  • Bolivian branch (AKA Southern Panoan)
    • Pacahuara (AKA Pacaguara, Pakaguara, Pacawara)
    • Chácobo (AKA Chákobo, incl. Capuibo and Shinabo)
    • Karipuna (AKA Karipuná, Caripuna, Jaunavô, in Rondônia)
  • ?Sensi (AKA Senti, Tenti, Mananahua) (†)
  • ?Mayoruna–Matsés (AKA Matsés, Mayoruna, Matse, Matís, Matis, Majoruna, Maxuruna, Majuruna, Mayiruna, Maxirona, Magirona, Mayuzuna) (Northern Panoan)

Kulino, Nocamán, Pánobo, Huariapano, Remo, Tuxinawa, Atsahuaca, Parannawa, Xipinahua, and Sensi have all become extinct.

Genetic relations

The Panoan family is generally believed to be related to the Tacanan family, forming with it Pano–Tacanan, though this has not yet been established (Loos 1999). Some other languages that have been associated with the Panoan family are:

  • Arazaire
  • Cujareño (classified as Arawakan in Ethnologue)
  • Maya (Pisabo)
  • Nukuini

For more information see Shell (1975: 14), Miglizza & Campbell (1988: 189-190), Rodrigues (1986: 77-81).

External links

Bibliography

  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
  • Migliazza, Ernest C.; & Campbell, Lyle. (1988). Panorama general de las lenguas indígenas en América. Historia general de América (Vol. 10). Caracas: Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia.
  • Shell, Olive A. (1975). Las lenguas pano y su reconstrucción. Serie lingüística Peruana (No. 12). Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
  • Rodrigues, Aryon. (1986). Linguas brasileiras: Para o conhecimento das linguas indígenas. São Paulo: Edições Loyola.
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