Panelház
Panelház (short form: panel) is the Hungarian name of a type of block of flats (panel buildings) in the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe. Transylvanian Magyars call these buildings tömbház ("block house"). It was the main housing type built in the Socialist era. From 1959 to 1990 788,000 panel flats were built in Hungary. About 2 million people, about one fifth of the country's total population, live in these flats. In the Czech Republic one third of people live in these kind of houses.
Name of these panel houses in other languages: Czech: panelák, German: Plattenbau, Russian: Khrushchyovka, Mongolian: Ugsarmal bair
Hungarian and local municipalities started a renovation program during the 2000s. In the program they have insulated these buildings, replaced the old doors and windows with multi-layer thermo glass, renewed the heating system and colored the buildings in a more pleasant way.[1]
History
Largest panel microraions
| Microraion (housing estate) | City | Flats | Inhabitants (person) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Újpest-Városközpont ("Újpest City Center") | Budapest | 16,832 | 36,000 |
| Újpalota | Budapest | 15,886 | 33,000 |
| Pécs-Kertváros ("Pécs Garden City") | Pécs | 15,856 | 35,000 |
| Óbuda-Városközpont ("Óbuda City Center") | Budapest | 13,736 | 27,000 |
| Békásmegyeri lakótelep ("Békásmegyer microraion") | Budapest | 13,394 | 27,000 |
| Füredi utcai lakótelep ("Füredi microraion") | Budapest | 12,233 | 21,000 |
| Kispesti lakótelep ("Kispest microraion") | Budapest | 12,000 | 27,000 |
| Avasi lakótelep ("Avas microraion") | Miskolc | 11,498 | 40,000[3] |
| Pécs-Uránváros ("Pécs Uranium City") | Pécs | 9,651 | 22,000 |
| Tatabánya-Újváros ("Tatabánya New City") | Tatabánya | 8,862 | 20,000 |
| Széchenyi város lakótelep ("Széchenyitown microraion") | Kecskemét | 8,673 | 20,000 |
Former housing factories
| City | Plant | Start of working |
Technological equipments |
Production (flats/year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budapest No. 1 (Szentendrei str.) | No. 43 State Builder Company (SBC) | 1965 | Soviet | 1800-2300-3300 |
| Budapest No. 2 (Ferencváros) | No. 43 SBC | 1968 | Danish (Larsen-Nielsen) | 1700-2500 |
| Budapest No. 3 (Dunakeszi) | No. 43 SBC | 1969 | Soviet and Hungarian | 3600-4200 |
| Budapest No. 4 (Budafok) | No. 43 SBC | 1974 | Soviet and Hungarian | 2800-3000 |
| Győr | Győr County SBC | 1970 | Soviet, GDR and Hungarian | 3000-3500 |
| Miskolc | Borsod County SBC | 1970 | Soviet and Hungarian | 3600-4200 |
| Debrecen | Hajdú County SBC | 1971 | Soviet and Hungarian | 2500-3500 |
| Szeged | South-Hungarian Builder Company | 1972 | Soviet and Hungarian | 2500-3000 |
| Veszprém | Veszprém County SBC | 1975 | Soviet and Hungarian | 2500 |
| Kecskemét | Bács County SBC | 1976 | Soviet and Hungarian | 2500 |
Former panel works
| City | Plant | Start of working |
Technological equipments |
Production (flats/year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dunaújváros | Concrete and Ferroconcrete Works | 1962 | Hungarian | 1200 |
| Pécs | Baranya County State Builder Company (SBC) | 1963 | Hungarian | 1300 |
| Szekszárd | Tolna County Concrete and Ferroconcrete Works | 1972 | Hungarian | 600 |
| Kaposvár | Somogy County SBC | 1973 | Hungarian | 450 |
| Békéscsaba | Békés County SBC | 1970 | Hungarian | 400 |
| Szolnok | Szolnok County SBC | 1969 | Hungarian | 400 |
See also
References
- ↑ "General information on various student flats and building types in Budapest". Budapest Corner. Retrieved 2010-12-11.
- ↑ Largest housing estates in Hungary (Hungarian), p. 274
- ↑ Népszabadság Online: http://www.nol.hu/lap/hetvege/lap-20090117-20090117-17
- ↑ Housing factories and panel works in Hungary (Hungarian), p. 3
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