Pancreatic elastase
| Pancreatic elastase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 3.4.21.36 | ||||||||
| CAS number | 848900-32-3 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / EGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Pancreatic elastase II | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 3.4.21.71 | ||||||||
| CAS number | 75603-19-9 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / EGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Pancreatic endopeptidase E | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 3.4.21.70 | ||||||||
| CAS number | 68073-27-8 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Pancreatic elastase is a form of elastase that is formed in the pancreas. Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin.
The first isozyme, pancreatic elastase 1 was initially thought to be expressed in the pancreas. However it was later discovered that it was the only chymotrypsin-like elastase that was not expressed in the pancreas. Hence this protein has been renamed elastase 1 (ELA1) or chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 1 (CELA1).[1] For a period of time, it was thought that that ELA1 / CELA1 was not transcribed into a protein.[2] However it was later discovered that it was expressed in skin keratinocytes.[3]
Clinical literature that describes human elastase 1 activity in the pancreas or fecal material is actually referring to chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 3B (CELA3B).[1]
Isozymes
Humans have five chymotrypsin-like elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins:
| Family | Gene symbol | Protein name | EC number | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Approved | Previous | Approved | Previous | ||
| chymotrypsin- like |
CELA1 | ELA1 | chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 1 | elastase 1, pancreatic | EC 3.4.21.36 |
| CELA2A | ELA2A | chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 2A | elastase 2A, pancreatic | EC 3.4.21.71 | |
| CELA2B | ELA2B | chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 2B | elastase 2B, pancreatic | EC 3.4.21.71 | |
| CELA3A | ELA3A | chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 3A | elastase 3A, pancreatic | EC 3.4.21.70 | |
| CELA3B | ELA3B | chymotrypsin-like elastase family, member 3B | elastase 3B, pancreatic | EC 3.4.21.70 | |
Use as diagnostic
The use of Pancreatic Elastase 1 (E1) in Laboratories to Diagnose Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Human pancreatic elastase 1 (E1) remains undegraded during intestinal transit. Therefore its concentration in feces reflects exocrine pancreatic function. During an inflammation of the pancreas, E1 is released into the bloodstream. Thus the quantification of pancreatic elastase 1 in serum allows diagnosis or exclusion of acute pancreatitis.[4]
Main indications:
- Diagnosis/exclusion of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency caused by e.g. Chronic Pancreatitis, Cystic Fibrosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Cholelithiasis (Gallstones), “Failure to Thrive”, Pancreatic Cancer, Papillary Stenosis
- Follow-up monitoring of patients with mild or moderate pancreatic insufficiency
- Diagnosis/exclusion of pancreatic involvement in association with gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain or osteoporosis, for example.[5]
Method of detection:
- Sandwich ELISA with two monoclonal antibodies highly specific for human pancreatic elastase 1
- The ELISA kit is based on a microtiter plate (96 well format) with 12 breakable single strips x 8 wells suitable for up to 42 samples in duplicate
Reference concentration: For adults and children after the first month of life
- Values > 200 µg elastase/g stool indicate normal exocrine pancreatic function
Values < 200 µg elastase/g stool indicate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 EntrezGene 1990
- ↑ Rose SD, MacDonald RJ (June 1997). "Evolutionary silencing of the human elastase I gene (ELA1)". Hum. Mol. Genet. 6 (6): 897–903. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.6.897. PMID 9175736.
- ↑ Talas U, Dunlop J, Khalaf S, Leigh IM, Kelsell DP (January 2000). "Human elastase 1: evidence for expression in the skin and the identification of a frequent frameshift polymorphism". J. Invest. Dermatol. 114 (1): 165–70. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00825.x. PMID 10620133.
- ↑ Stein J, Schoonbroodt D, Jung M, Lembcke B, Caspary WF (1996). "Mesure de l'élastase fécale par immunoréactivité: une nouvelle approche indirecte de la fonction pancréatique" [Measurement of fecal elastase 1 by immunoreactivity: A new indirect test of the pancreatic function]. Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique (in French) 20 (5): 424–9. PMID 8761139.
- ↑ Gonzales AC, Vieira SM, Maurer RL, e Silva FA, Silveira TR (2011). "Use of monoclonal faecal elastase-1 concentration for pancreatic status assessment in cystic fibrosis patients". J Pediatr (Rio J) 87 (2): 157–62. doi:10.2223/JPED.2075. PMID 21503378.
- ↑ Löser C, Möllgaard A, Fölsch UR (October 1996). "Faecal elastase 1: a novel, highly sensitive, and specific tubeless pancreatic function test". Gut 39 (4): 580–6. PMC 1383273. PMID 8944569.
External links
- Pancreatic Elastase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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