In the foothills of the Sierra Madre mountain range lies the Pamitinan cave. It is located in the San Rafael barangay (near Rodriguez, Rizal) in the Philippines. It is also near the Wawa Dam. The cave was formerly known as the '"Cave of Bernardo Carpio"'.[1] Its former name was derived from Bernardo Carpio, a figure in Philippine mythology who was rebuked by the gods because of his insolence. Legend states that he was chained forever in the Montalban gorge, cursed to keep two mountains from colliding with each other.[1]
On April 12, 1895, Andres Bonifacio along with eight other katipuneros declared the Philippines independence from the Spanish empire inside of this cave.[2] The walls still bear inscriptions of "Viva la Independencia Filipinas" from the time of the Philippine Revolution.[3][4] On June 21, 1996, Pamitinan cave was declared a historic site by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines.[5]
During World War II, Japanese soldiers occupied the cave and used it as a camp.[citation needed]
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