Palpebral fissure

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Palpebral fissure
Front of left eye with eyelids separated to show medial canthus. (Palpebral fissure, visible but not labeled, is artificially widened.)
Latin rima palpebrarum
Gray's subject #227 1025

The Palpebral fissure is the elliptic space between the medial and lateral canthi of the two open lids. In adults, this measures about 10mm vertically and 30mm horizontally.

It can be reduced (short) in horizontal size by fetal alcohol syndrome[1] and in Williams Syndrome. The chromosomal conditions Trisomy 9 and Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) can cause the palpebral fissures to be upslanted,[2] while Marfan Syndrome can cause a downslant.[3]

The fissure may be increased in vertical height in Graves' disease, which is manifested as Dalrymple's sign. This is one of the numerous symptoms of genetic disorders like Cri-du-chat.

Narrowing of the fissure can be a prominent indicator of myofascial trigger points in the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle's sternal division, a common cause of tension headaches, particularly those felt around the eyes & sinuses.[4]

In animal studies, using four times the therapeutic concentration of the ophthalmic solution Latanoprost (brand name Xalatan), the size of the palpebral fissure can be increased. The condition is reversible. Latanoprost is a prostaglandin F receptor agonist.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "UNSW Embryo- Abnormal Development - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome". Retrieved 2007-12-23. 
  2. ↑ Kannan, TP, Hemlatha, S, Ankathil, R, Zilfalil, BA (2009). "Clinical manifestations in trisomy 9". Indian journal of pediatrics 76 (7): 745–6. doi:10.1007/s12098-009-0158-2. PMID 19475342. 
  3. ↑ Loeys, BL, Dietz, HC, Braverman, AC, Callewaert, BL, De Backer, J, Devereux, RB, Hilhorst-Hofstee, Y, Jondeau, G et al. (2010). "The revised Ghent nosology for the Marfan syndrome". Journal of Medical Genetics 47 (7): 476–85. doi:10.1136/jmg.2009.072785. PMID 20591885. 
  4. ↑ Travell, Janet G. & Simons, David G. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, 2nd ed. (1999): p. 314. 978-0-683-08363-7.
  5. ↑ United States Food and Drug Administration (Nov. 2006). Xalatan® (latanoprost ophthalmic solution) 0.005% (50 µg/mL). Accessed 5 Feb 2011.

External links

Eyelid
Lacrimal apparatus
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M: EYE

anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

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