Pachychilidae

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Pachychilidae
Temporal range: Paleogene - recent
Two shells of Pachychilus laevisimus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Caenogastropoda

clade Sorbeoconcha

Superfamily: Cerithioidea
Family: Pachychilidae
P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892[1]
Diversity[2][3]
191-226 extant species
Synonyms

Fauninae Cossmann, 1909[4]
Melanatriinae Thiele, 1921[5]
Potadomatinae Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927[6]
Brotiinae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1987[7]

Pachychilidae, common name pachychilids, is a taxonomic family of freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.

The global distribution of the family Pachychilidae

Distribution

Pachychilids are freshwater snails with a worldwide distribution in the tropics. Representatives are found in South and Central America, Africa, Madagascar, South and South-east Asia and tropical Australia (Queensland: Torres Strait Islands).

Description

Pachychilids have an operculum, which is concentric and multispiral.

Ecology

All species in the family inhabit freshwater except Faunus ater, which is a brackish water snail found in estuaries and other coastal habitats. Pachychilids are either oviparous (lay eggs), oviviviparous or viviparous (retain developing eggs and youngs in special incubatory structures).

Notes on the taxonomy

The name is derived from a combination of the words 'pachy' (Greek = thick) and the suffix '-chilus' (Greek = Lip), meaning 'thick lipped' - with respect to the thickened aperture of the shell in some species. Most 20th-century authors did not recognize Pachychilidae as an independent family, but affiliated species under different groups, such as Thiaridae and Pleuroceridae. However, recent revisions based on molecular and morphological evidence have proven their independent and distinct status from the former. This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[8]

Genera

Shells of various pachychilid species

Genera within the family Pachychilidae include:

Cladogram

A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences showing phylogenic relations of Pachychilidae:[10]

Pachychilidae

Faunus ater


Potadoma freethi

Doryssa consolidata


Sulcospira hainanensis

Sulcospira testudinaria

Sulcospira housei
Brotia

Brotia pagodula

Brotia sumatrensis



Paracrostoma

Paracrostoma martini

Paracrostoma tigrina


Pseudopotamis

Pseudopotamis supralirata

Pseudopotamis semoni



Tylomelania

Tylomelania perfecta

Tylomelania neritiformis




Jagora

Jagora dactylus

Jagora asperata
Pachychilus

Pachychilus indiorum

Pachychilus conicus



Madagasikara

Madagasikara madagascariensis

Madagasikara spinosa

Madagasikara zazavavindrano

Madagasikara vazimba

Madagasikara vivipara











References

  1. ↑ Fischer P. & Crosse H. (19 November 1892). "Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale". Recherches zoologiques, Partie 7, 2(13): 313.
  2. ↑ Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. http://hdl.handle.net/10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
  3. ↑ Strong E. E., Colgan D. J., Healy J. M., Lydeard C., Ponder W. F. & Glaubrecht M. (2011). "Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithi­oidea using morphology and molecules". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162(1): 43-89. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x.
  4. ↑ Cossmann (1909). Essais de paléoconchologie comparrée 8: 156.
  5. ↑ Thiele (1921). Archiv für molluskenkunde 53(3): 142.
  6. ↑ Pilsbry H. A. & Bequaert J. (1927). "The Aquatic Mollusks of the Belgian Congo. With a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53(2): 69-602. pages 248 and 272. PDF.
  7. ↑ Golikov & Starobogatov (1987). Vsesoiuznoe soveshchanie po izucheniiu molliuskov 8: 25.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1–397. ISBN 3925919724. ISSN 0076-2997. 
  9. ↑ Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2006). "A systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae)." Malacologia 48: 159-251.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2010). "Uncovering an overlooked radiation: molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Madagascar’s endemic river snails (Caenogastropoda: Pachychilidae: Madagasikara gen. nov.). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99: 867-894. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01390.x.
  11. ↑ Lok A. F. S. L., Ang W. F., Ng P. X., Ng B. Y. Q. & Tan S. K. (2011). "Status and distribution of Faunus ater (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca: Cerithioidea) in Singapore". Nature in Singapore 4: 115-121. PDF.
  12. ↑ Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2003). "Morphology, reproductive biology and molecular genetics of ovoviviparous freshwater gastropods (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) from the Philippines, with description of the new genus Jagora". Zoologica Scripta 32(1): 35-59. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00100.x.
  13. ↑ Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2007). "Out of Asia and into India - On the molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the endemic freshwater gastropod Paracrostoma Cossmann, 1900 (Caenogastropoda: Pachychilidae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91: 627-651. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00866.x.
  14. ↑ Glaubrecht M. & von Rintelen T. (2003). "Systematics, molecular genetics and historical zoogeography of the viviparous freshwater gastropod Pseudopotamis (Cerithioidea, Pachychilidae): a relic on the Torres Strait Islands, Australia". Zoologica Scripta 32(5): 415-435. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00127.x.
  15. ↑ Köhler F. & Dames C. (2009). "Phylogeny and systematics of the Pachychilidae of mainland Southeast Asia – novel insights from morphology and mitochondrial DNA (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157: 679-699. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00541.x.
  16. ↑ von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2005). "Anatomy of an adaptive radiation: a unique reproductive strategy in the endemic freshwater gastropod Tylomelania (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) on Sulawesi, Indonesia and its biogeographical implications." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 85: 513–542. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00515.x.

Further reading

  • Köhler F., von Rintelen T., Meyer A. & Glaubrecht M. (2004). "Multiple origin of viviparity in southeast Asian gastropods (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) and its evolutionary implications". Evolution 58(10): 2215-2226. doi:10.1554/04-344.

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