PTGES
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prostaglandin E synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGES gene.[1][2][3]
The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53-induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses.[3]
See also
References
- ↑ Polyak K, Xia Y, Zweier JL, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (Sep 1997). "A model for p53-induced apoptosis". Nature 389 (6648): 300–5. doi:10.1038/38525. PMID 9305847.
- ↑ Jakobsson PJ, Morgenstern R, Mancini J, Ford-Hutchinson A, Persson B (May 1999). "Common structural features of MAPEG -- a widespread superfamily of membrane-associated proteins with highly divergent functions in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism". Protein Sci 8 (3): 689–92. doi:10.1110/ps.8.3.689. PMC 2144274. PMID 10091672.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: PTGES prostaglandin E synthase".
Further reading
- Bastien L, Sawyer N, Grygorczyk R et al. (1994). "Cloning, functional expression, and characterization of the human prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (16): 11873–7. PMID 8163486.
- Funk CD, Furci L, FitzGerald GA et al. (1994). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human prostaglandin E receptor EP1 subtype". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (35): 26767–72. PMID 8253813.
- Giacomini E, Giordani L, di Modugno F et al. (1998). "Increased PGE2 production mediates the in vitro inhibitory effect of the human immunodeficiency virus P24 immunosuppressive heptapeptide Ch7". Scand. J. Immunol. 48 (3): 248–53. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00389.x. PMID 9743208.
- Jakobsson PJ, Thorén S, Morgenstern R, Samuelsson B (1999). "Identification of human prostaglandin E synthase: a microsomal, glutathione-dependent, inducible enzyme, constituting a potential novel drug target". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (13): 7220–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7220. PMC 22058. PMID 10377395.
- Forsberg L, Leeb L, Thorén S et al. (2000). "Human glutathione dependent prostaglandin E synthase: gene structure and regulation". FEBS Lett. 471 (1): 78–82. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01367-3. PMID 10760517.
- Han R, Smith TJ (2002). "Cytoplasmic prostaglandin E2 synthase is dominantly expressed in cultured KAT-50 thyrocytes, cells that express constitutive prostaglandin-endoperoxide H synthase-2. Basis for low protaglandin E2 production". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (39): 36897–903. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206949200. PMID 12145315.
- Giannoulias D, Alfaidy N, Holloway AC et al. (2002). "Expression of prostaglandin I(2) synthase, but not prostaglandin E synthase, changes in myometrium of women at term pregnancy". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (11): 5274–82. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020521. PMID 12414902.
- Ouellet M, Falgueyret JP, Ear PH et al. (2003). "Purification and characterization of recombinant microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1". Protein Expr. Purif. 26 (3): 489–95. doi:10.1016/S1046-5928(02)00566-1. PMID 12460774.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Uracz W, Uracz D, Olszanecki R, Gryglewski RJ (2003). "Interleukin 1beta induces functional prostaglandin E synthase in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 643–54. PMID 12512699.
- Meadows JW, Eis AL, Brockman DE, Myatt L (2003). "Expression and localization of prostaglandin E synthase isoforms in human fetal membranes in term and preterm labor". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (1): 433–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021061. PMID 12519887.
- Kamei D, Murakami M, Nakatani Y et al. (2003). "Potential role of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in tumorigenesis". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (21): 19396–405. doi:10.1074/jbc.M213290200. PMID 12626523.
- Jakobsson PJ, Thorén S, Morgenstern R, Samuelsson B (2003). "Characterization of microsomal, glutathione dependent prostaglandin E synthase". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 507: 287–91. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0193-0_44. ISBN 978-0-306-47283-1. PMID 12664599.
- Thorén S, Weinander R, Saha S et al. (2003). "Human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1: purification, functional characterization, and projection structure determination". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (25): 22199–209. doi:10.1074/jbc.M303227200. PMID 12672824.
- Alfaidy N, Sun M, Challis JR, Gibb W (2003). "Expression of membrane prostaglandin E synthase in human placenta and fetal membranes and effect of labor". Endocrine 20 (3): 219–25. doi:10.1385/ENDO:20:3:219. PMID 12721500.
- Ekström L, Lyrenäs L, Jakobsson PJ et al. (2003). "Basal expression of the human MAPEG members microsomal glutathione transferase 1 and prostaglandin E synthase genes is mediated by Sp1 and Sp3". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1627 (2–3): 79–84. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(03)00077-0. PMID 12818425.
- Murakami M, Nakashima K, Kamei D et al. (2003). "Cellular prostaglandin E2 production by membrane-bound prostaglandin E synthase-2 via both cyclooxygenases-1 and -2". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (39): 37937–47. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305108200. PMID 12835322.
- Trebino CE, Stock JL, Gibbons CP et al. (2003). "Impaired inflammatory and pain responses in mice lacking an inducible prostaglandin E synthase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (15): 9044–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.1332766100. PMC 166435. PMID 12835414.
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