Outline of Chad

The Republic of Chad is a landlocked country in Central Africa.^[1] It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate, the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa". Chad is divided into three major geographical regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanese savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second largest in Africa. Chad's highest peak is the Emi Koussi in the Sahara, and N'Djamena, the capital, is the largest city. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Arabic and French are the official languages. Islam is the most widely practiced religion.

Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium BC, a series of states and empires rose and fell in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa. In 1960 Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979 the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the south's hegemony. However, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissène Habré defeated his rivals. He was overthrown in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby. Recently, the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation, with hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees living in and around camps in eastern Chad.

While many political parties are active, power lies firmly in the hands of President Déby and his political party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d'état (see Battle of N'Djamena (2006) and Battle of N'Djamena (2008)).

The country is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world; most Chadians live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers. Since 2003 crude oil has become the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Chad:

General reference

• Pronunciation:
• Common English country name: Chad
• Official English country name: The Republic of Chad
• Common endonym(s):
• Official endonym(s):
• Adjectival(s): Chadian
• Demonym(s):
• Etymology: Name of Chad
• ISO country codes: TD, TCD, 148
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:TD
• Internet country code top-level domain: .td

Geography of Chad

• Chad is: a landlocked country
• Location:
  • Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
  • Africa
    • Central Africa
    • Middle Africa
    • North Africa
    • partially within the Sahara Desert
  • Time zone: West Africa Time (UTC+01)
  • Extreme points of Chad
    • High: Emi Koussi 3,445 m (11,302 ft)
    • Low: Bodélé Depression 160 m (525 ft)
  • Land boundaries: 5,968 km

 Sudan 1,360 km

 Central African Republic 1,197 km

 Niger 1,175 km

 Cameroon 1,094 km

 Libya 1,055 km

 Nigeria 87 km

• • Coastline: none
• Population of Chad: 10,780,600(2007) - 75th most populous country
• Area of Chad: 1,284,000 square kilometres (496,000 sq mi) - 21st largest country
• Atlas of Chad

Environment of Chad

• Climate of Chad
• Ecoregions in Chad
• Renewable energy in Chad
• Geology of Chad
• Protected areas of Chad
  • Biosphere reserves in Chad
  • National parks of Chad
• Wildlife of Chad
  • Fauna of Chad
    • Birds of Chad
    • Mammals of Chad

Natural geographic features of Chad

• Glaciers in Chad: none ^[2]
• Islands of Chad
• Lakes of Chad
• Mountains of Chad
  • Volcanoes in Chad
• Rivers of Chad
  • Waterfalls of Chad
• Valleys of Chad
• World Heritage Sites in Chad: None

Regions of Chad

Ecoregions of Chad

Main article: Ecoregions in Chad

Administrative divisions of Chad

Main article: Administrative divisions of Chad

• Regions of Chad
  • Departments of Chad
    • Sub-prefectures of Chad

Provinces of Chad

Departments of Chad

Sub-prefectures of Chad

Municipalities of Chad

• Capital of Chad: N'Djamena
• Cities of Chad

Demography of Chad

Main article: Demographics of Chad

Government and politics of Chad

Main article: Government of Chad and Politics of Chad

• Form of government: dictatorship
• Capital of Chad: N'Djamena

• Elections in Chad
• Political parties in Chad

Branches of government

Executive branch of the government of Chad

• Head of country: President of Chad
• Head of government: President of Chad
• Cabinet of Chad

Legislative branch of the government of Chad

• National Assembly of Chad (unicameral)

Judicial branch of the government of Chad

• Supreme Court of Chad

Foreign relations of Chad

• Diplomatic missions in Chad
• Diplomatic missions of Chad

International organization membership

The Republic of Chad is a member of:^[1]

African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP) African Development Bank Group (AfDB) African Union (AU) Conference des Ministres des Finances des Pays de la Zone Franc (FZ) Development Bank of Central African States (BDEAC) Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Group of 77 (G77) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Criminal Court (ICCt) International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) International Development Association (IDA) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Olympic Committee (IOC) International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Nonaligned Movement (NAM) Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) United Nations (UN) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI) Universal Postal Union (UPU) World Confederation of Labour (WCL) World Customs Organization (WCO) World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) World Health Organization (WHO) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) World Trade Organization (WTO)

Law and order in Chad

Main article: Law of Chad

• Constitution of Chad
• Crime in Chad
• Human rights in Chad
  • LGBT rights in Chad
  • Freedom of religion in Chad
• Law enforcement in Chad

Military of Chad

Main article: Military of Chad

• Command
  • Commander-in-chief:
    • Ministry of Defence of Chad
• Forces
  • Army of Chad
  • Navy of Chad
  • Air Force of Chad
  • Special forces of Chad
• Military history of Chad
• Military ranks of Chad

Local government in Chad

History of Chad

Main article: History of Chad, Timeline of the history of Chad, and Current events of Chad

• Military history of Chad

Culture of Chad

Main article: Culture of Chad

• Architecture of Chad
• Chadian cuisine
• Festivals in Chad
• Languages of Chad
• Media in Chad
• National symbols of Chad
  • Coat of arms of Chad
  • Flag of Chad
  • National anthem of Chad
• People of Chad
• Public holidays in Chad
• Records of Chad
• Religion in Chad
  • Christianity in Chad
  • Hinduism in Chad
  • Islam in Chad
  • Judaism in Chad
  • Sikhism in Chad
• World Heritage Sites in Chad: None

Art in Chad

• Art in Chad
• Cinema of Chad
• Literature of Chad
• Music of Chad
• Television in Chad
• Theatre in Chad

Sports in Chad

Main article: Sports in Chad

• Football in Chad
• Chad at the Olympics

Economy and infrastructure of Chad

Main article: Economy of Chad

• Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 128th (one hundred and twenty eighth)

• Agriculture in Chad
• Banking in Chad
  • National Bank of Chad
• Communications in Chad
  • Internet in Chad
• Companies of Chad
• Currency of Chad: Franc
  • ISO 4217: XAF
• Energy in Chad
  • Energy policy of Chad
  • Oil industry in Chad
• Health care in Chad
• Mining in Chad
• Chad Stock Exchange
• Tourism in Chad
• Transport in Chad
  • Airports in Chad
  • Rail transport in Chad
  • Roads in Chad

Education in Chad

Main article: Education in Chad

Health in Chad

See also

French language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arabic language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• All pages beginning with "Chad"
• All pages with titles containing "Chad"
• All pages beginning with "Chadian"
• All pages with titles containing "Chadian"
• Index of Chad-related articles
• List of Chad-related topics
• List of international rankings
• Member state of the United Nations
• Outline of Africa
• Outline of geography

References

External links

Find more about Chad at Wikipedia's sister projects
	Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
	Media from Commons
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks
	Learning resources from Wikiversity

Wikimedia Atlas of Chad

• (French) Official government site
• (French) Official presidency site
• Chad Embassy — Washington DC

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