Outline of Canada
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Canada:
Canada /ˈkænədə/ is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean.[1] It is the world's second largest country by total area, and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest, and marine borders with France and Greenland on the east and northeast, respectively.
The lands have been inhabited for millennia by various groups of aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.[2][3][4] This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.
Canada is a federation that is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has a long and complex relationship.
General reference
- Pronunciation /ˈkænədə/
- Common English country name: Canada
- Official English country name: Canada
- Common endonym: Canada
- Official endonym: Canada
- Adjectival: Canadian, Canada
- Demonym: Canadian (Fr. canadien)
- Etymology: Name of Canada
- ISO country codes: CA, CAN, 124
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:CA
- Internet country code top-level domain: .ca
- International rankings of Canada
Geography of Canada
- Canada is...
- a country
- a nation state
- a Commonwealth Realm
- a federation
- a country
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere
- Time zones (Time in Canada):
- Newfoundland Standard Time (UTC-03:30), Newfoundland Daylight Time (UTC-02:30)
- Atlantic Standard Time (UTC-04), Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC-03)
- Eastern Standard Time (UTC-05), Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-04)
- Central Standard Time (UTC-06), Central Daylight Time (UTC-05)
- Mountain Standard Time (UTC-07), Mountain Daylight Time (UTC-06)
- Pacific Standard Time (UTC-08), Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-07)
- Extreme points of Canada
- North: Cape Columbia, Nunavut - (83°08' N, 74°13'W)
- South: Middle Island, Ontario - (41°41'N, 82°40'W)
- East: Cape Spear, Newfoundland - (47°31'N, 52°37'W)
- West: Yukon-Alaska border - (141°00'W)
- High: Mount Logan 5,959 m (19,551 ft)
- Low: North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and North Pacific Ocean 0 m
- Land boundaries: United States 8,893 km[5]
- Coastline: 202,080 km[6]
- Population of Canada: 33,476,688 people (2011 Census[7]) - 36th most populous country
- Area of Canada: 9,984,670 km² (3,854,085 sq mi) - 2nd most extensive country
- Atlas of Canada
Environment of Canada
- Climate of Canada
- Environmental issues in Canada
- Fires in Canada
- Ecoregions in Canada
- Renewable energy in Canada
- Geology of Canada
- National parks of Canada
- Protected areas of Canada
- Wildlife of Canada
Geographic features of Canada
- Canadian Arctic
- Fjords of Canada
- Glaciers of Canada
- Islands of Canada
- Lakes of Canada
- Mountain peaks of Canada
- The 100 Highest mountain peaks of Canada
- The 142 Most prominent mountain peaks of Canada
- The 100 Most isolated mountain peaks of Canada
- Appalachian Mountains
- Pacific Cordillera
- Rocky Mountains
- Volcanoes of Canada
- Prairies of Canada
- Rivers of Canada
- Valleys of Canada
- World Heritage Sites in Canada
- Other
- Canadian Shield
- St. Lawrence Lowlands
- List of National Historic Sites of Canada
Regions of Canada
- Northern Canada (The North)
- Western Canada
- Eastern Canada
- Central Canada
- Atlantic Canada
- Maritimes
Other regions
- English Canada, sometimes known as the Rest of Canada (excluding Quebec) when considering topics of language
- French Canada
- Acadia
- Quebec-Windsor Corridor
Ecoregions of Canada
Administrative divisions of Canada
Provinces
Province, with flag | Postal abbreviation/ ISO code |
Other abbreviations | Capital | Entered Confederation | Population (2007)[8] |
Area (km²) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land | Water | Total | ||||||
Ontario1 | ON | Ont. | Toronto | July 1, 1867 | 12,753,702 | 917,741 | 158,654 | 1,076,395 |
Quebec1 | QC | Que., PQ, P.Q. | Quebec City | 7,687,068 | 1,356,128 | 185,928 | 1,542,056 | |
Nova Scotia2 | NS | N.S. | Halifax | 932,966 | 53,338 | 1,946 | 55,284 | |
New Brunswick2 | NB | N.B. | Fredericton | 748,878 | 71,450 | 1,458 | 72,908 | |
Manitoba3 | MB | Man. | Winnipeg | July 15, 1870 | 1,182,921 | 553,556 | 94,241 | 647,797 |
British Columbia2 | BC | B.C. | Victoria | July 20, 1871 | 4,352,798 | 925,186 | 19,549 | 944,735 |
Prince Edward Island2 | PE | PEI, P.E.I., P.E. Island | Charlottetown | July 1, 1873 | 138,800 | 5,660 | — | 5,660 |
Saskatchewan4 | SK | Sask., SK, SKWN | Regina | September 1, 1905 | 990,212 | 591,670 | 59,366 | 651,036 |
Alberta4 | AB | Alta. | Edmonton | 3,455,062 | 642,317 | 19,531 | 661,848 | |
Newfoundland and Labrador5 | NL | Nfld., NF, LB | St. John's | March 31, 1949 | 506,548 | 373,872 | 31,340 | 405,212 |
Notes:
- Immediately prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec were part of the Province of Canada.
- Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies at the time of joining Canada.
- Manitoba was established simultaneously with Northwest Territories.
- Saskatchewan and Alberta were created out of land that had been part of Northwest Territories.
- Prior to its entry, Newfoundland was a Dominion within the British Commonwealth.
Territories
There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government.
Territory, with flag | Postal abbreviation/ ISO code |
Other abbreviations | Capital | Entered Confederation | Population (2007) |
Area (km²) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land | Water | Total | ||||||
Northwest Territories | NT | N.W.T., NWT | Yellowknife | July 15, 1870 | 41,795 | 1,183,085 | 163,021 | 1,346,106 |
Yukon | YT | Y.T., YK | Whitehorse | June 13, 1898 | 30,883 | 474,391 | 8,052 | 482,443 |
Nunavut | NU | NV | Iqaluit | April 1, 1999 | 31,216 | 1,936,113 | 157,077 | 2,093,190 |
Note: Canada did not acquire any new land to create Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Nunavut. All of these originally formed part of Northwest Territories.
Municipalities of Canada
- Cities of Canada
- Capital of Canada: Ottawa
Demography of Canada
Demographics by political division
Provinces
Territories
Government and politics of Canada
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Court system
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Canadian federalism Monarchy in the Canadian provinces Executive Councils |
General
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Canadian politics portal |
- Main article: Government of Canada and Politics of Canada
- Form of government: constitutional monarchy and democratic parliamentary federation
- Capital of Canada: Ottawa
- Administrative divisions of Canada
- Canadian and American politics compared
- Canadian and Australian politics compared
- Canadian Conservatism
- List of Canadian federal general elections
- Canadian Nationalism
- Elections in Canada
- Federalism in Canada
- Human rights in Canada
- Liberalism in Canada
- Political culture of Canada
- Political parties in Canada
- Political scandals of Canada
- Progressivism in Canada
- Socialism and Social Democracy in Canada
- Taxation in Canada
Branches of the government of Canada
Executive branch of the government of Canada
Monarchy of Canada |
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- Head of state: Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada
Legislative branch of the government of Canada
- Parliament of Canada
- The Queen
- Senate of Canada
- Speaker of the Canadian Senate
- Canadian House of Commons
- Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons
Judicial branch of the government of Canada
Supreme Court of Canada |
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Current members |
All members |
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Judgments |
- Supreme Court of Canada
- Appellate Courts of the provinces and territories
- Alberta Court of Appeal
- British Columbia Court of Appeal
- Manitoba Court of Appeal
- New Brunswick Court of Appeal
- Supreme Court of Newfoundland (Court of Appeal)
- Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories
- Nova Scotia Court of Appeal
- Nunavut Court of Appeal
- Court of Appeal for Ontario
- Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island - Appeal Division
- Quebec Court of Appeal
- Saskatchewan Court of Appeal
- Court of Appeal of the Yukon Territory
- Superior-level courts of the provinces and territories
- Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
- Supreme Court of British Columbia
- Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba
- Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick
- Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Trial Division)
- Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories
- Supreme Court of Nova Scotia
- Nunavut Court of Justice
- Ontario Superior Court of Justice
- Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island - Trial Division
- Quebec Superior Court
- Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan
- Supreme Court of the Yukon Territory
Foreign relations of Canada
International organization membership
Canada is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Canada
- Main article: Law of Canada
- Canadian Aboriginal law
- Canada Bank Act
- Canadian Bill of Rights
- Canadian competition law
- Constitution of Canada
- Canadian content
- Canadian contract law
- Canadian copyright law
- Canadian corporation
- Crime in Canada
- Canadian family law
- Law enforcement in Canada
- Criminal law statute
- List of law enforcement agencies in Canada
Military of Canada
- Main article: Military of Canada
Part of a series on the |
Military history of Canada |
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History of... |
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Conflicts |
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Lists |
Canadian Forces portal |
- Command structure
- Commander-in-chief: Governor General of Canada (nominally, see also The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces)
- Prime Minister of Canada (de facto Commander-in-chief)
- Minister of National Defence
- Chief of the Defence Staff
- Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), command of the Navy;
- Canadian Army (CA) command of the Army;
- Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), command of the Air Force.
- Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC), responsible for all operations except special forces;
- Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM), responsible for special forces operations within Canada and abroad.
- Chief of the Defence Staff
- Minister of National Defence
- Canadian Forces
- Army: Canadian Army
- Navy: Royal Canadian Navy
- Air force: Royal Canadian Air Force
- Special forces: Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
- Military reserve force: Canadian Forces reserve force
- Canadian Forces Primary Reserve
- Canadian Forces Supplementary Reserve
- Canadian Rangers
- Cadet Instructors Cadre
Provincial governments
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Territory governments
- Government of the Northwest Territories
- Government of Nunavut
- Government of the Yukon
Politics by political division
Provinces
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Territories
- Politics of Northwest Territories
- Politics of Nunavut
- Politics of the Yukon
History of Canada
- Main article: History of Canada and List of years in Canada
- Former Colonies and Territories in Canada
- Constitutional history of Canada
- History of immigration to Canada
- Economic history of Canada
- Fires in Canada
- Military history of Canada
- History of monarchy in Canada
- Persons of National Historic Significance
- Territorial evolution of Canada (1867–present)
History of Canada by period
- Pre-Columbian era (Canada)
- 1534–1763: New France
- 1764-1867: Canada under British Imperial Control
- 1867-1914: Post-Confederation Canada
- 1914-1945: Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years
- 1945-1960
- 1960-1981
- 1982-1992
- 1992-present
History of Canada by political division
Provinces
Territories
- History of Nunavut
- History of the Northwest Territories
- History of the Yukon
Culture of Canada
- Main article: Culture of Canada
- Age and internet use in Canada
- Alcoholic beverages in Canada
- Architecture of Canada
- Cuisine of Canada
- Decorations and medals of Canada (in order of precedence)
- Festivals in Canada
- Humour in Canada
- Languages of Canada
- Media in Canada
- Symbols of Canada
- National symbols of Canada
- Coat of arms of Canada
- Flag of Canada
- National anthem of Canada
- Royal symbols of Canada
- National symbols of Canada
- People of Canada
- Canadian identity
- Ethnic groups in Canada
- Prostitution in Canada
- Public holidays in Canada
- World Heritage Sites in Canada
Culture by political division
Provinces
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Territories
- Culture of Northwest Territories
- Culture of Nunavut
- Culture of the Yukon
Art in Canada
- Art in Canada
- Cinema of Canada
- Canadian comics
- Literature of Canada
- Television in Canada
- Theatre of Canada
Music of Canada
- Main article: Music of Canada
- Canadian blues
- Canadian classical music
- Canadian hip hop
- Canadian Idol
- Canadian rock
- Caribbean music in Canada
- Music of Canadian cultures
Music by political division
Provinces
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Territories
- Music of Northwest Territories
- Music of Nunavut
- Music of the Yukon
Religion in Canada
- Religion in Canada
- Buddhism in Canada
- Christianity in Canada
- Hinduism in Canada
- Islam in Canada
- Judaism in Canada
- Sikhism in Canada
- Irreligion in Canada
Sport in Canada
- Main article: Sport in Canada
Official Sports
Other sports
- Canadian football
- Canada at the Olympics
- Canada Rugby League
- Canadian Curling Association
- Canadian Figure Skating
- Association Football (Soccer) in Canada
- Cross Country Skiing
- Snowboarding in Canada
Hall of Fame Museums
- Hockey Hall of Fame
- Canadian Curling Hall of Fame
- Skate Canada Hall of Fame
- Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame
Economy and infrastructure of Canada
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Economy of Canada |
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Economic history of Canada |
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- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 9th (ninth)
- Agriculture in Canada
- Banking in Canada
- Banks in Canada
- Communications in Canada
- Companies of Canada
- Currency of Canada: Dollar
- ISO 4217: CAD
- Economic history of Canada
- Energy in Canada
- Health care in Canada
- Mining in Canada
- Science and technology in Canada
- Stock exchanges:
- CNQ
- Nasdaq Canada
- Toronto Stock Exchange, S&P/TSX 60 is the main index of TSX
- TSX Venture Exchange
- Winnipeg Commodity Exchange
- Montreal Exchange
Economics by political division
Provinces
- Economy of Alberta
- Economy of British Columbia
- Economy of Vancouver (city)
- Economy of Manitoba
- Economy of New Brunswick
- Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Economy of Nova Scotia
- Economy of Ontario
- Economy of Toronto (city)
- Economy of Prince Edward Island
- Economy of Quebec
- Demographic history of Quebec
- Economy of Montreal (city)
- Economy of Saskatchewan
Territories
- Economy of Northwest Territories
- Economy of Nunavut
- Economy of the Yukon
Education in Canada
- Main article: Education in Canada
- Main article: Higher education in Canada
Higher Education by political division
Provinces
Territories
- Higher education in Northwest Territories
- Higher education in Nunavut
- Higher education in the Yukon
Bibliographies
- Bibliography of Canada
- Bibliography of Canadian history
- Bibliography of Canadian military history
- Bibliography of the 1837-1838 insurrections in Lower Canada
- List of books about the War of 1812
- Bibliography of Canadian military history
- Bibliography of Canadian history
- Bibliography of Canadian provinces and territories
- List of books about Prime Ministers of Canada
See also
English language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
French language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
- All pages beginning with "Canada"
- All pages beginning with "Canadian"
- All pages with titles containing "Canada"
- All pages with titles containing "Canadian"
- List of international rankings
- Member state of the Commonwealth of Nations
- Member state of the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors
- Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Member state of the United Nations
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Canada". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 8, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ↑ "Territorial evolution". Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 2007-10-09. "In 1867, the colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are united in a federal state, the Dominion of Canada...."
- ↑ "Canada: History". Country Profiles. Commonwealth Secretariat. Retrieved 2007-10-09. "The British North America Act of 1867 brought together four British colonies ... in one federal Dominion under the name of Canada."
- ↑ Hillmer, Norman; W. David MacIntyre. "Commonwealth". Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Project. Retrieved 2007-10-09. "With CONFEDERATION in 1867, Canada became the first federation in the British Empire ..."
- ↑ The total length of the land border between Canada and the United States is the longest between any two countries.
- ↑ The coastline of Canada is the longest in the world. The total length of the coast of Canada is more than five times as long as the circumference of the Earth.
- ↑ "Census Profile: Canada". 2011 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
- ↑ Statistics Canada Population Estimates (April 1, 2007)
External links
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- Government
- Official website of the Government of Canada
- Official website of the Prime Minister of Canada
- Official website of the Governor General of Canada
- Official website of the Canadian Forces
- Official Government of Canada online Atlas of Canada
- Permanent Mission of Canada to the United Nations
- Crown corporations
- Other
- Culture.ca — Canada's Cultural Gateway
- Culturescope.ca — Canadian Cultural Observatory
- Canadian Studies: A Guide to the Sources
- Statistics Canada with Canada's population clock
- The Canadian Atlas Online
- Canada entry at The World Factbook
- UN Human Development Program: Country Fact Sheet: Canada, Statistics — Country Sheet: Canada
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Canada. - Canada from The Canadian Encyclopedia