Otolaryngology

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Otolaryngologist performing an endoscopic sinus surgical procedure.
A 40-watt CO2 laser used in otolaryngology.

Otolaryngology /ˌoʊtoʊˌlærɪŋˈɡɒlədʒi/, is the study of ear, nose, and throat conditions or ENT (ear, nose, and throat). It is also referred to as Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery or Otorhinolaryngology. It is the oldest medical speciality in the United States, where nearly 50 percent of all office visits pertain to the ear, nose, and throat.[citation needed]

Physicians specializing in otolaryngology are called otolaryngologists or by the nickname "ENTs" or "ENT doctors" and often treat children with persistent ear, nose, and throat conditions to include surgery. Adult patients often seek treatment from an otolaryngologist for sinus infections, age-related hearing loss, and cancers of these regions.

Training

Otolaryngologists are physicians (MD, DO, MBBS, MBChB, etc.) who, in the United States, complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This is composed of one year in general surgical training and four years in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. (In the past it varied between two and three years of each.) In Canada, practitioners complete a five-year residency training after medical school.

Following residency training, some otolaryngologists complete an advanced sub-specialty Fellowship where training can be 1–2 years in duration. In the United States, otolaryngology is one of the most competitive specialties in medicine in which to obtain a residency position following medical school.

Sub-specialties

Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery* Otology Neurotology* Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Laryngology and Voice Disorders Pediatric Otolaryngology Sleep Medicine*
Surgical oncology Facial cosmetic surgery Ear Middle and inner ear Sinusitis Voice disorders Velopalatine insufficiency
Reconstruction Maxillofacial Hearing Temporal bone Allergy Phono-surgery Cleft lip and palate
Endocrine surgery Trauma Balance Skull base Anterior skull base Swallowing disorders Airway
Endoscopic Surgery Dizziness Apnea and snoring Vascular malformations
Cochlear implant/BAHA

(* Currently recognized by American Board of Medical Subspecialties)

Topics in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery

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Head and neck oncology

  • Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx
  • Oral cancer
  • Skin Cancer of the head & neck
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Endocrine surgery of the head and neck (thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy)
  • Microvascular free flap reconstruction
  • Skull base surgery
  • Salivary gland cancer

Otology and Neurotology

Main articles: Otology and Neurotology

Rhinology

Rhinology pertains to sinus diseases and the anterior skull base.

Pediatric Otolaryngology

Laryngology

Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.

See also

References

    External links

    Associations and Societies

    Journals


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