Oskar Enkvist

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Oskar Adolfovich Enkwist

Oskar Adolfovich Enkwist
Born (1849-10-28)October 28, 1849
Died March 3, 1912(1912-03-03) (aged 62)
Kronstadt, Russia
Allegiance  Russian Empire
Service/branch  Imperial Russian Navy
Years of service 1869–1907
Rank Vice Admiral
Battles/wars Russo Japanese War

Oskar Adolfovich Enkwist or Oskar Enquist (Russian: Оскар Адольфович Энквист; 28 October 1849 – 3 March 1912) was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, noted for his role in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.

Biography

Of ethnic Swedish descent, Enkvist was a classmate of future Admiral Nikolai Nebogatov at the Naval Cadet Corps in 1866. He graduated as a midshipman in 1869 and was promoted to petty officer in 1871. He served in the Russian Baltic Fleet from 1871–1874, and was promoted to lieutenant on 30 August 1874. From 15 June 1884 to 24 October 1886, he was an officer on the gunboat Sivuch on which he led an expedition to the Far East. On 13 April 1886 he was promoted to lieutenant commander, while still on his expedition.

On 28 October 1887 he returned to Russia. Enkvist was transferred to the cruiser Pamiat Azova as executive officer on 9 April 1888, on which he made a second voyage to the Far East from 1890-1891. On board this ship was the Tsarevich Nicholas II on his tour of the various countries of Asia.

From 25 May 1891 to 21 September 1893 Enkvist commanded on the gunboat Bobr and supervised hydrological studies off the shores of Korea. While on this voyage, on 6 December 1894, he promoted to the rank of captain.

On the return from this voyage, Enkwist was appointed captain of the training cruiser Gerzog Edinburgski on 5 June 1895, and commanded this vessel until 7 June 1899.

On 6 December 1901, Enkvist was promoted to rear admiral. With this rank, he became commandant of the port and city of Nikolaïev on 9 September 1902 to 26 April 1904.

During the Russo-Japanese War, Enkvist, largely through the political patronage of his cousin Fyodor Avelan, Vice-Chairman of the Russian Admiralty, he was appointed as commander of the First Cruiser Division of the Second Pacific Squadron, over numerous officers with higher seniority. He made the new cruiser Oleg as his flagship. Vice Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky viewed Enkvist as a political opportunist, and refused to allow him an independent command, but instead forced him to sail with the main force around the southern end of the African continent. [1]

During the Battle of Tsushima on 27-28 May 1905, in order to avoid capture or destruction by the Imperial Japanese Navy, Enkvisk announced to his officers at the end of the first day of the battle that he had decided to flee rather than to continue the battle or to attempt to reach Vladivostok. Over the objections of his officers, Enkvisk ordered the Oleg south, together with the Aurora and Zhemchug to the neutral port of Manila, where he and his squadron were interned by the Americans until the end of the war. [1]

After his return to Russia, he was released from service with the Russian Imperial Navy on November 10, 1907 with the rank of vice admiral.

Oskar Adolfovitch Enqvist died on March 3, 1912 in Kronstadt and was buried there.

Honors

Imperial Russia decorations

  • Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd degree, January 8, 1890
  • Order of St. Anne 2nd degree 1892
  • Order of St Vladimir 4th degree with bow, 1897.
  • Order of St Vladimir 3rd degree, December 6, 1899.
  • Order of St. Stanislaus 1st degree, January 1, 1904

Foreign distinctions

References

  • Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. ISBN 0-8108-4927-5: The Scarecrow Press. 

External links

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kowner, Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War, p. 113.
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