Orbe

Orbe
Orbe town
Country Switzerland Canton Vaud District Jura-Nord Vaudois 46°43′N 06°32′E / 46.717°N 6.533°E / 46.717; 6.533Coordinates: 46°43′N 06°32′E / 46.717°N 6.533°E / 46.717; 6.533
Population	6,547 (Dec 2012)[1]
- Density	544 /km2 (1,408 /sq mi)
Area	12.02 km2 (4.64 sq mi)[2]
Elevation	479 m (1,572 ft)
Postal code	1350
SFOS number	5757
Surrounded by	Agiez, Arnex-sur-Orbe, Chavornay, Épendes, Essert-Pittet, Mathod, Montcherand, Valeyres-sous-Rances
Website	www.orbe.ch Profile, SFSO statistics
Orbe
Location of Orbe

Orbe (Latin: Urba; German: Orbach) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It was the seat of the former district of Orbe and is now part of the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.

History

Orbe is first mentioned about 280 as Urba. In 1179 it was mentioned as versus Orbam.^[3]

Ancient history

During the Roman era, Orbe – then known as Urba – was a town of Gallia, in the territory of the Helvetii. In the Antonine Itinerary it is placed between Lacus Lausonius and Ariolica, xviii m.p. from Lacus Lausonius and xxiiii m.p. from Ariolica. On the Boscéaz hill, a Roman villa was built by an unknown landowner. The mosaics of the villa are still visible.

Middle ages

Plan of Orbe Castle

By the Middle Ages, Orbe sat on the road over the Jougne Pass and at the crossroads of two major transportation routes. One stretched from the Jura Mountains to the Alps while the other ran from the Rhine river to the Rhone river. The municipality grew up on both sides of the Orbe. On the left side was the villa Tavellis and the parish church of Saint-Germain, while the right side had the villa Tabernis with the church of Saint-Martin. At some point during the Middle Ages, a bridge was built across the river which joined the two settlements. Orbe Castle and the town's market were built on the hill above the river and the bridge.

In 888 the town was owned by the Burgundian king Rudolf I. The next record of the town come from silver coins which the town's mint produced for Conrad the peaceful between 937 and 993. The town remained part of the independent Kingdom of Arles or Burgundy until the death of the last king, Rudolf III in 1032. Before Rudolph's death the Emperor Conrad II of the Holy Roman Empire had forced him to name Conrad as his successor. With Rudolph's death, the entire Kingdom, including Orbe, was incorporated into the Empire. In 1076, Emperor Henry IV replaced the Burgundian noble in Orbe with one of his vassals, Count Wilhelm II.

Land and rights in the town passed through several nobles and in 1168, Amadeus II of Montfaucon, the count of Montbéliard, bought about half of the town of Orbe. In a record from 1183, the town's churches and much of the land were owned by Baulmes and Payerne Priories. Around the end of the 11th Century, Romainmôtier Abbey acquired some land in the town, on which they built a hospital. In 1139, they expanded the building into the nearby Notre-Dame chapel.^[3]

In addition to the religious land owners, the Counts of Montfaucon-Montbeliard began to live in the town. In 1233, they built a round keep in Orbe Castle. Two years later, Amadeus III of Montfaucon-Montbeliard built the Bourg-Vieux and Bourg-Neuf to help protect the town. By fortifying the town and castle, the Counts and the town were able to control the trade routes that passed through the valley.^[3]

Early Modern and Modern Orbe

In 1352, Orbe became a town with a town charter modeled on Moudon's. After the death of Girard de Montfaucon and of his wife, Orbe was inherited by Count Montbeliard in 1379. In 1410 it passed to Louis de Chalon, the Prince of Orange. The Chalon family held the town until it was captured by the Swiss Confederation in 1475 during the Burgundian Wars. However, the Swiss were unable to hold it and Hugh de Chalon recaptured it in the same year. In the following year, 1476, Charles the Bold met with Swiss messengers at Orbe. Due to the Swiss victory in the Burgundian Wars, the Confederation acquired much of the old Burgundian land near the Jura mountains in 1484. The de Chalon lands, including Orbe and nearby Echallens, became a joint condominium or gemeine Herrschaft which was administered by Bern and Fribourg. It remained a subject territory until the 1798 French invasion and the creation of the French backed Helvetic Republic. Under the Helvetic Republic, Orbe became the capital of the District of Orbe. The Helvetic Republic, which espoused the ideals of the French Revolution was very popular with the urban residents of Orbe. The reforms of the Helvetic Republic were too much for many Swiss to accept and the Republic was overthrown by the Stecklikrieg revolution. As the Helvetic government retreated in September 1802 from Bern to Lausanne, government troops briefly occupied Orbe. Under the Act of Mediation, Orbe remained the capital of its own district.^[3]

Geography

Aerial view of Orbe, showing the tree covered Orbe river and the hill of the old town

Orbe has an area, as of 2009, of 12 square kilometers (4.6 sq mi). Of this area, 8.85 km² (3.42 sq mi) or 73.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.44 km² (0.17 sq mi) or 3.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.36 km² (0.91 sq mi) or 19.6% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.35 km² (0.14 sq mi) or 2.9% is either rivers or lakes.^[4]

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 3.0% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 8.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 5.7%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.7%. Out of the forested land, 2.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 60.7% is used for growing crops and 9.2% is pastures, while 3.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.^[4]

The municipality was the capital of the Orbe District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Orbe became part of the new district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.^[5]

The municipality is located on a hill partly surrounded by the Orbe river. It consists of the village of Orbe and a number of hamlets including Granges Saint-Germain, Granges Saint-Martin, Mont Choisi and Le Puisoir.

Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, two Sea-daces addorsed Or.^[6]

Demographics

Casino Orbe

Part of the old city of Orbe

Newer buildings in Orbe

Orbe has a population (as of December 2012) of 6,547.^[1] As of 2008, 28.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals.^[7] Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 25.8%. It has changed at a rate of 22.1% due to migration and at a rate of 4.3% due to births and deaths.^[8]

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (4,229 or 82.3%), with Portuguese being second most common (255 or 5.0%) and German being third (161 or 3.1%). There are 128 people who speak Italian and 4 people who speak Romansh.^[9]

The age distribution, as of 2009, in Orbe is; 674 children or 11.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 781 teenagers or 13.1% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 862 people or 14.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 848 people or 14.2% are between 30 and 39, 920 people or 15.4% are between 40 and 49, and 754 people or 12.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 493 people or 8.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 378 people or 6.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 216 people or 3.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 31 people or 0.5% who are 90 and older.^[10]

As of 2000, there were 2,103 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 2,441 married individuals, 304 widows or widowers and 291 individuals who are divorced.^[9]

As of 2000, there were 2,073 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household.^[8] There were 687 households that consist of only one person and 120 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 2,108 households that answered this question, 32.6% were households made up of just one person and there were 16 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 578 married couples without children, 642 married couples with children There were 120 single parents with a child or children. There were 30 households that were made up of unrelated people and 35 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.^[9]

In 2000 there were 529 single family homes (or 54.6% of the total) out of a total of 968 inhabited buildings. There were 222 multi-family buildings (22.9%), along with 154 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (15.9%) and 63 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.5%).^[11]

In 2000, a total of 1,934 apartments (84.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 208 apartments (9.1%) were seasonally occupied and 141 apartments (6.2%) were empty.^[11] As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 5.4 new units per 1000 residents.^[8] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.18%.^[8]

The historical population is given in the following chart:^[3][12]

Heritage sites of national significance

The Boscéaz (a gallo-roman villa), Orbe Castle with its two towers and plaza, the Swiss Reformed Church of Notre-Dame and the City Hall are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire old town of Orbe is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.^[13]

The villa is known for its roman mosaics, which are composed of several hundreds of pieces on the floor of the original site. The villa was a palace belonging to a rich but unknown landowner. It was built in approximately AD 160 and abandoned around the year AD 270.

• 

  Orbe Castle

• 

  Swiss Reformed Church of Notre-Dame

Sights

Orbe also includes a marionette museum

Politics

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 26.68% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (20.26%), the FDP (14.52%) and the Green Party (12.92%). In the federal election, a total of 1,107 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.2%.^[14]

Economy

The town has a Nestle Research & Development factory with a working force of over 500 employees. The factory is responsible for producing Nespresso and also Nestlé's boxed cereals. The factory accounts for just over 15% of Nestlé's overall turnover per annum.

As of 2010, Orbe had an unemployment rate of 7.5%. As of 2008, there were 95 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 18 businesses involved in this sector. 1,121 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 48 businesses in this sector. 2,173 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 227 businesses in this sector.^[8] There were 2,624 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 38.5% of the workforce.

In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 2,996. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 85, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,081 of which 807 or (74.7%) were in manufacturing and 241 (22.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1,830. In the tertiary sector; 343 or 18.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 82 or 4.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 58 or 3.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 15 or 0.8% were in the information industry, 36 or 2.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 515 or 28.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 121 or 6.6% were in education and 257 or 14.0% were in health care.^[15]

In 2000, there were 1,832 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,489 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.2 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 7.1% of the workforce coming into Orbe are coming from outside Switzerland.^[16] Of the working population, 10.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 66.2% used a private car.^[8]

Religion

The Church of Notre Dame in Orbe

From the 2000 census, 1,774 or 34.5% were Roman Catholic, while 1,993 or 38.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 70 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.36% of the population), there were 3 individuals (or about 0.06% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 342 individuals (or about 6.65% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 7 individuals (or about 0.14% of the population) who were Jewish, and 201 (or about 3.91% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 10 individuals who were Buddhist, 14 individuals who were Hindu and 10 individuals who belonged to another church. 620 (or about 12.06% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 260 individuals (or about 5.06% of the population) did not answer the question.^[9]

Education

In Orbe about 1,774 or (34.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 433 or (8.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 433 who completed tertiary schooling, 56.1% were Swiss men, 25.9% were Swiss women, 11.3% were non-Swiss men and 6.7% were non-Swiss women.^[9]

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 802 students in the Orbe school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.^[17] During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 578 children of which 359 children (62.1%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 427 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 368 students in those schools. There were also 7 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.^[18]

Orbe is home to 1 museum, the Fondation Pro Urba. In 2009 it was visited by 2,900 visitors (the average in previous years was 3,278).^[19]

As of 2000, there were 322 students in Orbe who came from another municipality, while 219 residents attended schools outside the municipality.^[16]

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–57). "^{article name needed}". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.  Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links

• Official website
• Switzerland Tourism information
• Boscéaz in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.

• Orbe district in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orbe VD.

v t e Municipalities in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois, Switzerland L'Abbaye L'Abergement Agiez Arnex-sur-Orbe Ballaigues Baulmes Bavois Belmont-sur-Yverdon Bioley-Magnoux Bofflens Bonvillars Bretonnières Bullet Chamblon Champagne Champvent Chavannes-le-Chêne Chavornay Chêne-Pâquier Le Chenit Cheseaux-Noréaz Les Clées Concise Corcelles-près-Concise Corcelles-sur-Chavornay Cronay Croy Cuarny Démoret Donneloye Épendes Essert-Pittet Fiez Fontaines-sur-Grandson Giez Grandevent Grandson Juriens Le Lieu Lignerolle Mathod Mauborget Molondin Montagny-près-Yverdon Montcherand Mutrux Novalles Onnens Orbe Orges Orzens Pomy La Praz Premier Provence Rances Romainmôtier-Envy Rovray Sainte-Croix Sergey Suchy Suscévaz Tévenon Treycovagnes Ursins Valeyres-sous-Montagny Valeyres-sous-Rances Valeyres-sous-Ursins Vallorbe Vaulion Villars-Epeney Vugelles-La Mothe Vuiteboeuf Yverdon-les-Bains Yvonand Canton of Vaud Districts of the canton of Vaud Municipalities of the canton of Vaud