Operation Grenadier
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| Operation Grenadier | |
|---|---|
| Information | |
| Country | United States |
| Test site | NTS Area 12, Rainier Mesa; NTS Area 19, 20, Pahute Mesa; NTS, Areas 1-4, 6-10, Yucca Flat |
| Period | 1984-1985 |
| Number of tests | 16 |
| Test type | Underground shaft, Underground tunnel |
| Max. yield | 2.5 kilotonnes of TNT (10 TJ) - 150 kilotonnes of TNT (630 TJ) |
| Navigation | |
| Previous test series | Fusileer |
| Next test series | Charioteer |
Operation Grenadier[1] was a series of 16 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1984-1985 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed Fusileer and preceded Charioteer.
The United States test series summary table is here: United States' nuclear testing series.
The detonations in the United States' Grenadier series are listed below:
| Name[Note 1] | Date Time (UT) | Local time zone[Note 2] | Location[Note 3] | Elevation + Height[Note 4] | Delivery[Note 5] | Purpose[Note 6] | Device[Note 7] | Yield[Note 8] | Venting[Note 9] | References | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vermejo | October 2, 1984 18:00:14.103 | PST | NTS Area U4r 37°05′07″N 116°03′13″W / 37.08516°N 116.0537°W | 1,229 m (4,032 ft) - 350.22 m (1,149.0 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 2.5 kt | [1][2][3] | |||
| Villita | November 10, 1984 16:00:40.09 | PST | NTS Area U3ld 37°00′00″N 116°01′05″W / 37.00003°N 116.01816°W | 1,177 m (3,862 ft) - 372.2 m (1,221 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 5 kt | [1][2][3][4][5] | |||
| Tierra | December 15, 1984 14:00:45.0 | PST | NTS Area U19ac 37°16′53″N 116°18′23″W / 37.28131°N 116.30629°W | 2,118 m (6,949 ft) - 640 m (2,100 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 80 kt | Venting detected, 600 Ci (22,000 GBq) | [1][2][3][6][7] | ||
| Minero | December 20, 1984 16:00:20.11 | PST | NTS Area U3lt 37°00′43″N 116°02′44″W / 37.01194°N 116.04545°W | 1,187 m (3,894 ft) - 244.8 m (803 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 2.5 kt | [1][2][3] | |||
| Vaughn | March 15, 1985 16:00:31.1 | PST | NTS Area U3lr 37°03′29″N 116°02′46″W / 37.0581°N 116.0461°W | 1,211 m (3,973 ft) - 425.5 m (1,396 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 20 kt | Venting detected, 100 Ci (3,700 GBq) | [1][2][3][6][4][7] | ||
| Cottage | March 23, 1985 18:00:30.082 | PST | NTS Area U8j 37°10′48″N 116°05′23″W / 37.17993°N 116.08983°W | 1,362 m (4,469 ft) - 515 m (1,690 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 60 kt | [1][2][3] | |||
| Hermosa | April 2, 1985 20:00:00.09 | PST | NTS Area U7bs 37°05′41″N 116°01′58″W / 37.09476°N 116.03289°W | 1,251 m (4,104 ft) - 638.25 m (2,094.0 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 150 kt | [1][2][3][4][5] | |||
| Misty Rain | April 6, 1985 23:00:15.09 | PST | NTS Area U12n.17 37°12′03″N 116°12′29″W / 37.20078°N 116.20805°W | 2,212 m (7,257 ft) - 388.6 m (1,275 ft) | Underground tunnel | Weapon effect | 15 kt | Venting detected off site, 63 Ci (2,300 GBq) | [1][2][3][6][7][7] | ||
| Towanda | May 2, 1985 15:00:20.083 | PST | NTS Area U19ab 37°15′12″N 116°19′34″W / 37.25335°N 116.32609°W | 2,085 m (6,841 ft) - 660.2 m (2,166 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 150 kt | [1][2][3] | |||
| Salut | June 12, 1985 15:00:15.082 | PST | NTS Area U20ak 37°14′52″N 116°29′24″W / 37.2478°N 116.48995°W | 1,873 m (6,145 ft) - 608.08 m (1,995.0 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 100 kt | Venting detected, 4 Ci (150 GBq) | [1][2][3][6][7] | ||
| Ville | June 12, 1985 17:00:30.088 | PST | NTS Area U4am 37°05′18″N 116°05′05″W / 37.08832°N 116.08464°W | 1,250 m (4,100 ft) - 293.2 m (962 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 8 kt | Venting detected, 0.1 Ci (3.7 GBq) | [1][2][3][6][7] | ||
| Maribo | June 26, 1985 18:00:03.08 | PST | NTS Area U2cs 37°07′25″N 116°07′19″W / 37.12372°N 116.12201°W | 1,352 m (4,436 ft) - 381 m (1,250 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 3.5 kt | Venting detected, 4 Ci (150 GBq) | [1][2][3][6][7] | ||
| Serena | July 25, 1985 14:00:00.088 | PST | NTS Area U20an 37°17′50″N 116°26′20″W / 37.2972°N 116.43896°W | 1,942 m (6,371 ft) - 597 m (1,959 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 45 kt | Venting detected, 3 Ci (110 GBq) | [1][2][3][6][7] | ||
| Cebrero | August 14, 1985 13:00:00.082 | PST | NTS Area U9cw 37°06′40″N 116°00′55″W / 37.11103°N 116.01525°W | 1,316 m (4,318 ft) - 183 m (600 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | less than 20 kt | Venting detected | [1][2][3][6] | ||
| Chamita | August 17, 1985 16:00:25.09 | PST | NTS Area U3lz 37°00′08″N 116°02′37″W / 37.00227°N 116.04374°W | 1,181 m (3,875 ft) - 331.62 m (1,088.0 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 8 kt | [1][2][3] | |||
| Ponil | September 27, 1985 14:00:15.08 | PST | NTS Area U7bv 37°05′23″N 116°00′10″W / 37.08976°N 116.00264°W | 1,284 m (4,213 ft) - 364.8 m (1,197 ft) | Underground shaft | Weapons development | 10 kt | [1][2][3] |
Table Notes:
- ↑ The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China have not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions - Soviet peaceful explosions were named). A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also named the individual explosions in such a test,which results in "<name> - 1(with <other_name>)".
- ↑ To compute local standard time "PST" (Pacific ST) from UT, subtract 8 hours from the UT. If that time is less then 00:00, add 24 hours and decrease the date by one day.
- ↑ Rough place name and a Latitude/Longitude reference; for rocket bursts, the launch location is specified before the burst location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. If test is canceled or aborted, then row data is intended plans.
- ↑ Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number/units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero.
- ↑ Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, barge and cratering are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT.
- ↑ Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
- ↑ Designations for test items where known, nicknames for particular devices in quotes.
- ↑ Estimated energy yield in tonnes, kilotonnes, and megatonnes (all metric units).
- ↑ Emissions to atmosphere, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it's all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and everything if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, and the maximum amount of radiation released.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992 (DOENV-209 REV15). Las Vegas, NV: Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office. 2000-12-01. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl. CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3). SMDC Monitoring Research.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 Official list of underground nuclear explosions. Sandia National Laboratories. Retrieved 2013-10-31.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hechanova, Anthony E.; O'Donnell, James E. (25 September 1998). Estimates of yield for nuclear tests impacting the groundwater at the Nevada Test Site. Nuclear Science and Technology Division.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Operation Argus, 1958 (DNA6039F). Washington, DC: Defense Nuclear Agency, Department of Defense. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Radiological Effluents Released from U.S. Continental Tests 1961 Through 1992 (DOE/NV-317 Rev. 1). DOE Nevada Operations Office. Retrieved 2013-10-31.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 "Estimated exposures and thyroid doses received by the American people from Iodine-131 in fallout following Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests, Chapter 2". National Cancer Institute. 1997. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
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