Operation Bedrock

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Operation Bedrock
Information
Country United States
Test site NTS Area 12, Rainier Mesa; NTS Area 19, 20, Pahute Mesa; NTS, Areas 1-4, 6-10, Yucca Flat
Period 1974-1975
Number of tests 27
Test type Underground shaft, Underground tunnel
Max. yield 200 tonnes of TNT (840 GJ) - 750 kilotonnes of TNT (3,100 TJ)
Navigation
Previous test series Arbor
Next test series Anvil

Operation Bedrock[1] was a series of 27 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1974-1975 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed Arbor and preceded Anvil.

The United States test series summary table is here: United States' nuclear testing series.

The detonations [Note 1]in the United States' Bedrock series are listed below:

United States' Bedrock series Explosions
Name[Note 2] Date Time (UT) Local time zone[Note 3] Location[Note 4] Elevation + Height[Note 5] Delivery[Note 6] Purpose[Note 7] Device[Note 8] Yield[Note 9] Venting[Note 10] References Notes
Escabosa July 10, 1974 16:00:00.092 PST
 NTS Area U7ac 37°04′30″N 116°01′58″W / 37.07498°N 116.03269°W / 37.07498; -116.03269 (Escabosa) 1,223 m (4,012 ft) - 638.52 m (2,094.9 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 150 kt I-131 venting detected, 0 [1][2][3][4][5][6]
Crestlake-Briar - 1 July 18, 1974 14:00:01.2 PST
 NTS Area U2dw 37°07′09″N 116°05′10″W / 37.11928°N 116.08601°W / 37.11928; -116.08601 (Crestlake-Briar - 1) 1,274 m (4,180 ft) - 373.68 m (1,226.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development less than 20 kt Venting detected [1][2][3][4] Simultaneous, same hole.
Crestlake-Tansan - 2 July 18, 1974 14:00:01.2 PST
 NTS Area U2dw 37°07′09″N 116°05′10″W / 37.11928°N 116.08601°W / 37.11928; -116.08601 (Crestlake-Tansan - 2) 1,274 m (4,180 ft) - 272 m (892 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 2 kt Venting detected, 19 Ci (700 GBq) [1][2][3][4][7] Simultaneous, same hole.
Puye August 14, 1974 14:00:00.11 PST
 NTS Area U3jl 37°01′24″N 116°02′14″W / 37.02342°N 116.03713°W / 37.02342; -116.03713 (Puye) 1,188 m (3,898 ft) - 430.08 m (1,411.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 5 kt I-131 venting detected, 0.000002 Ci (7.4×10−5 GBq) [1][2][3][4][5][6]
Portmanteau August 30, 1974 15:00:00.163 PST
 NTS Area U2ax 37°09′09″N 116°05′04″W / 37.1524°N 116.08456°W / 37.1524; -116.08456 (Portmanteau) 1,313 m (4,308 ft) - 655.32 m (2,150.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 160 kt [1][2][3][5][7]
Pratt September 25, 1974 14:00:00.08 PST
 NTS Area U3hq 37°00′44″N 116°01′52″W / 37.01211°N 116.03103°W / 37.01211; -116.03103 (Pratt) 1,183 m (3,881 ft) - 313.96 m (1,030.1 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 5 kt [1][2][3]
Trumbull September 26, 1974 14:00:30.164 PST
 NTS Area U4aa 37°05′35″N 116°05′44″W / 37.09316°N 116.09563°W / 37.09316; -116.09563 (Trumbull) 1,269 m (4,163 ft) - 262.74 m (862.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 200 t [1][2][3][8]
Stanyan September 26, 1974 15:00:05.17 PST
 NTS Area U2aw 37°07′57″N 116°04′09″W / 37.13258°N 116.06926°W / 37.13258; -116.06926 (Stanyan) 1,275 m (4,183 ft) - 573.02 m (1,880.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 100 kt [1][2][3][5]
Estaca October 17, 1974 17:00:13.118 PST
 NTS Area U3ja 37°00′23″N 116°00′56″W / 37.00639°N 116.01559°W / 37.00639; -116.01559 (Estaca) 1,180 m (3,870 ft) - 321.05 m (1,053.3 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development less than 20 kt [1][2][3]
Hybla Fair October 28, 1974 15:00:00.168 PST
 NTS Area U12n.09 37°12′04″N 116°12′17″W / 37.20108°N 116.20482°W / 37.20108; -116.20482 (Hybla Fair) 2,227 m (7,306 ft) - 404.47 m (1,327.0 ft) Underground tunnel Weapon effect less than 20 kt Venting detected, 500 Ci (18,000 GBq) [1][2][3][4][6] Test of a new line-of-sight pipe configuration for tunnel testing, basic measurements of blast parameters. The configuration proved to be inadequate for effects testing of warheads.
Temescal November 2, 1974 15:00:30.164 PST
 NTS Area U4ab 37°05′35″N 116°05′33″W / 37.09314°N 116.09254°W / 37.09314; -116.09254 (Temescal) 1,263 m (4,144 ft) - 262.74 m (862.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development less than 20 kt Venting detected, 2 Ci (74 GBq) [1][2][3][4]
Puddle November 26, 1974 15:00:00.9 PST
 NTS Area U3kg 37°00′04″N 116°00′43″W / 37.00098°N 116.01207°W / 37.00098; -116.01207 (Puddle) 1,169 m (3,835 ft) - 183.97 m (603.6 ft) Underground shaft Safety experiment less than 20 kt [1][2][3]
Keel December 16, 1974 17:00:30.088 PST
 NTS Area U3hu 37°00′41″N 116°01′06″W / 37.01136°N 116.01833°W / 37.01136; -116.01833 (Keel) 1,182 m (3,878 ft) - 304.72 m (999.7 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 4 kt [1][2][3][8][5]
Portola - 1 February 6, 1975 15:00:30.165 PST
 NTS Area U10bb 37°10′42″N 116°03′09″W / 37.17836°N 116.05243°W / 37.17836; -116.05243 (Portola - 1) 1,285 m (4,216 ft) - 198.12 m (650.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 350 t Venting detected, 10 Ci (370 GBq) [1][2][3][8][4] Simultaneous, same hole.
Portola-Larkin - 2 February 6, 1975 15:00:30.16 PST
 NTS Area U10bb 37°10′42″N 116°03′09″W / 37.17836°N 116.05243°W / 37.17836; -116.05243 (Portola-Larkin - 2) 1,285 m (4,216 ft) - 274 m (899 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development less than 20 kt Venting detected [1][2][3][4] Simultaneous, same hole.
Teleme February 6, 1975 16:00:13.17 PST
 NTS Area U9cl 37°06′51″N 116°01′18″W / 37.11422°N 116.02166°W / 37.11422; -116.02166 (Teleme) 1,300 m (4,300 ft) - 304.8 m (1,000 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 6 kt [1][2][3][8][7]
Bilge February 19, 1975 20:00:10.224 PST
 NTS Area U3kc 37°00′08″N 116°01′31″W / 37.00219°N 116.02527°W / 37.00219; -116.02527 (Bilge) 1,179 m (3,868 ft) - 318.35 m (1,044.5 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development less than 20 kt Venting detected [1][2][3][4]
Topgallant February 28, 1975 16:00:15.09 PST
 NTS Area U4e 37°06′22″N 116°03′26″W / 37.10615°N 116.05712°W / 37.10615; -116.05712 (Topgallant) 1,245 m (4,085 ft) - 713.37 m (2,340.5 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 160 kt [1][2][3][5][7]
Cabrillo March 7, 1975 16:00:00.169 PST
 NTS Area U2dr 37°08′02″N 116°05′07″W / 37.13402°N 116.0852°W / 37.13402; -116.0852 (Cabrillo) 1,288 m (4,226 ft) - 600.46 m (1,970.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 89 kt Venting detected, 11 Ci (410 GBq) [1][2][3][4][5][6]
Dining Car April 5, 1975 19:00:45.187 PST
 NTS Area U12e.18 37°11′16″N 116°12′53″W / 37.18787°N 116.21476°W / 37.18787; -116.21476 (Dining Car) 2,238 m (7,343 ft) - 383.01 m (1,256.6 ft) Underground tunnel Weapon effect 20 kt [1][2][3][8][5]
Edam April 24, 1975 14:00:10.17 PST
 NTS Area U2dy 37°06′56″N 116°05′17″W / 37.11569°N 116.08811°W / 37.11569; -116.08811 (Edam) 1,272 m (4,173 ft) - 411.48 m (1,350.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 20 kt [1][2][3][8][5]
Obar April 30, 1975 15:00:00.9 PST
 NTS Area U7ag 37°06′32″N 116°01′47″W / 37.10881°N 116.02967°W / 37.10881; -116.02967 (Obar) 1,279 m (4,196 ft) - 568.8 m (1,866 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 38 kt [1][2][3][5]
Tybo May 14, 1975 14:00:00.16 PST
 NTS Area U20y 37°13′15″N 116°28′31″W / 37.22071°N 116.47527°W / 37.22071; -116.47527 (Tybo) 1,880 m (6,170 ft) - 765.05 m (2,510.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 380 kt [1][2][3][8][5]
Stilton June 3, 1975 14:00:20.17 PST
 NTS Area U20p 37°20′24″N 116°31′26″W / 37.34°N 116.52377°W / 37.34; -116.52377 (Stilton) 1,667 m (5,469 ft) - 731.52 m (2,400.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 200 kt [1][2][3][8][5]
Mizzen June 3, 1975 14:00:40.106 PST
 NTS Area U7ah 37°05′41″N 116°02′13″W / 37.09478°N 116.03697°W / 37.09478; -116.03697 (Mizzen) 1,247 m (4,091 ft) - 637.18 m (2,090.5 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 140 kt [1][2][3][5][7]
Alviso June 11, 1975 13:00:00.167 PST
 NTS Area U2du 37°06′42″N 116°04′28″W / 37.11173°N 116.07457°W / 37.11173; -116.07457 (Alviso) 1,261 m (4,137 ft) - 183 m (600 ft) Underground shaft Safety experiment less than 20 kt [1][2][3]
Futtock June 18, 1975 11:00:49.092 PST
 NTS Area U3eh 37°03′56″N 116°01′22″W / 37.06562°N 116.02271°W / 37.06562; -116.02271 (Futtock) 1,221 m (4,006 ft) - 186.56 m (612.1 ft) Underground shaft Safety experiment less than 20 kt [1][2][3]
Mast June 19, 1975 13:00:00.09 PST
 NTS Area U19u 37°21′01″N 116°19′16″W / 37.35029°N 116.3211°W / 37.35029; -116.3211 (Mast) 2,068 m (6,785 ft) - 910.7 m (2,988 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 520 kt [1][2][3][8][5]
Camembert June 26, 1975 12:00:30.161 PST
 NTS Area U19q 37°16′44″N 116°22′10″W / 37.27887°N 116.36947°W / 37.27887; -116.36947 (Camembert) 2,033 m (6,670 ft) - 1,310.64 m (4,300.0 ft) Underground shaft Weapons development 750 kt [1][2][3][8][5]

Table Notes:

  1. ↑ A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". Mikhailov, V. N., Editor in Chief. Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing. Begell-Atom, LLC. 
  2. ↑ The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China have not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions - Soviet peaceful explosions were named). A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also named the individual explosions in such a test,which results in "<name> - 1(with <other_name>)".
  3. ↑ To compute local standard time "PST" (Pacific ST) from UT, subtract 8 hours from the UT. If that time is less then 00:00, add 24 hours and decrease the date by one day.
  4. ↑ Rough place name and a Latitude/Longitude reference; for rocket bursts, the launch location is specified before the burst location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. If test is canceled or aborted, then row data is intended plans.
  5. ↑ Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number/units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero.
  6. ↑ Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, barge and cratering are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT.
  7. ↑ Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
  8. ↑ Designations for test items where known, nicknames for particular devices in quotes.
  9. ↑ Estimated energy yield in tonnes, kilotonnes, and megatonnes (all metric units).
  10. ↑ Emissions to atmosphere, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it's all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and everything if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, and the maximum amount of radiation released.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992 (DOENV-209 REV15). Las Vegas, NV: Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office. 2000-12-01. Retrieved 2013-12-18. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl. CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3). SMDC Monitoring Research. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 Official list of underground nuclear explosions. Sandia National Laboratories. Retrieved 2013-10-31. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Radiological Effluents Released from U.S. Continental Tests 1961 Through 1992 (DOE/NV-317 Rev. 1). DOE Nevada Operations Office. Retrieved 2013-10-31. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 Hechanova, Anthony E.; O'Donnell, James E. (25 September 1998). Estimates of yield for nuclear tests impacting the groundwater at the Nevada Test Site. Nuclear Science and Technology Division. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Estimated exposures and thyroid doses received by the American people from Iodine-131 in fallout following Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests, Chapter 2". National Cancer Institute. 1997. Retrieved 2014-01-05. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Operation Argus, 1958 (DNA6039F). Washington, DC: Defense Nuclear Agency, Department of Defense. Retrieved 26 November 2013. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 Norris, Robert Standish; Cochran, Thomas B. (1 February 1994). "United States nuclear tests, July 1945 to 31 December 1992 (NWD 94-1)". Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council). Retrieved 2013-10-26. 
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