Onufriivka

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Onufriivka is a small town in Ukraine, the administrative centre of Onufriivka Raion of Kirovograd Oblast. As of 2010, the population of this town is 4,042.[1]

History

The oldest traces of human existence in the area of Onufriivsky Rayon belong to the Neolithic era.

Onufriivka was founded in the early seventeenth century by retired Zaporizhian cossack Onufrienko, for whom the town was named. During the liberation war of Ukrainian people in 1648–1654, it became a considerable settlement, whose inhabitants took part in the campaigns of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. The population of Onufrievka grew as farmers (refugees from Volhynia, Galicia, and Bessarabia) were attracted by large tracts of pristine wilderness, forests, rivers and gorgeous meadows. The locals were mainly involved in livestock; farming was less developed. Every year in autumn, fairs were held, visited by merchants from Kiev and Kremenchug.

In 1752, with the establishment of military settlements, Onufriivka joined the New Serbia and became the property of Ivan Horvath - Otkurtych. Later, in the 1770s, descendants of Horvath - Otkurtych sold Onufriivka to Mikhail Kamburley, an adviser, senator and civil governor of Volhynia.

In the winter of 1805, Squire I. Kamburley removed serfs from their estates in Orel and Tambov provinces. He won ten families and other serfs from a landlord in a game of cards, traded by a prince for purebred dogs, he placed these settlers on his lands, founding villages Kamburliyivka (in honor of his name) and Zybkove . These villages, which are home to the descendants of immigrants from Russia, are mostly Russian. Vyshnivtsi Village (formerly Ivanivka) appeared in 1777. Squire M. Kamburley wintering in Zaporozhye with officers from Holodiya, bought Vyshnivtsi for 30 rubles of captured silver. Tartarian Petro Sahaydysh, married a Ukrainian from Vyhrestyv and settled on a farm. Nearby farms, in 1792, were settled by several families Vyhodtsiv from Poland on orders of Kamburleya Oseleno. So there was a village that was named in honour of his father, a landowner named Ivanivka.

In 1821, after the death of Kamburley, all his chattel passed into the possession of Count Mikhail Tolstoy, who was married to Kamburley's daughter Katerina Mikhailovna. Count Tolstoy inherited the villages of Onufrievka, Kamburliyivka, Lozuvatka, Ivanivka, a total of 13,000 acres of land. The land was occupied by the Count Tolstoy, who was from a rich and ancient family, as evidenced by the kind of arms he possessed, with the motto: "Dedication and Diligence."

As of 1886, the town center of Onufrievsky, of the parish Alexandria of County Kherson province, was inhabited by 1,414 people. There were 254 farm yards, an Orthodox church, school, five shops, and there were three fairs a year: Seredopisnyi, Mykolay and Pokrovskyi.[2]

Mikhail Tolstoy was a large landowner and implemented advanced methods of management on his lands, which he used at the time to economically and thoroughly maintain machinery, iron plows, horse threshing and winnowing. There was even a Fordson tractor. The Order breed of horses, in demand in Russia and abroad, were raised on the farm. Also rambulye sheep (herd of 8,000) and gray-Ukrainian rock cows (herd of 600) were raised there; the sheep's wool was sent to Bialystok and the Lodz woolen factory. From a brick factory, all the buildings on the estate were built with its own brick, which marked the highest quality in 1911. At the expense of Count Tolstoy (N. Tolstoy and his mother OG Tolstoy), a school was built which is still operating. Its premises have an attractive exterior and interior. They also built hospitals and schools in the village of Pavlysh and a parish council, veterinary hospitals, vicarage, and rural council in Onufriivka.

After graduating from school, famous Ukrainian teacher Vasyl Sukhomlinsky worked as a teacher of Ukrainian language and literature in the school of Onufriivka from September 1939 to June 1941.

In 1968, Onufrievka received the status of small town.

Infrastructure

Onufriivka stud farm

Stud farm number 175 is located in the former holdings of Count Tolstoy Onufrievskiy [3][4] - He was a regular participant in national and international sports competitions in equestrian sport. His pets - Thoroughbred horses of an English breed - became Olympic champions, and Derby winners in large and small competitions on the racetracks of Odessa and Rostov.

Sights

Dendropark

The family of Count Tolstoy is associated with a foundation in Onufriivsky Park. One of the disciples of the famous Russian scientist Dokuchaev supervised the work of laying out the park. All the work was performed by the hands of ordinary people who were serfs of Count Tolstoy. The Old Park was completed in 1920. And the new park- south of the river Omelnychok - was planted half a century later. The park covers 84 hectares of which 22 hectares is water mirror ponds. On its territory there were more than 100 species of trees and shrubs, original pavilions, bridges, hardscape, apparent islands with gazebo and pool; near the house were two pools with fountains and a rose garden. The park walkways were placed following the British classical model. The villagers were strictly forbidden to go to the manor park. Passes were granted only to workers who cleared the alley, and cared for trees and numerous flower beds, as well as the swans on park ponds. Later farmers were allowed to draw water for their needs from one of the ponds. So far the pond has kept its name - The Peasant. The whole park was surrounded by a two-meter brick wall with decorative lattice.

In 1960 the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian SSR adopted a resolution by which Onufriivskyi dendropark was recognized as a monument of landscape architecture of the 19th century.

Notable people

  • Other names are closely associated with the name of Count Tolstoy - Mikhail Dmitrievich (1804–1891 years), his son, Mikhail Mikhailovich (1834–1898 years), and his grandson Mikhail Mikhailovich (Jr. (1862–1927)). The Counts had 13 thousand acres of land and surrounding villages. They were engaged in charitable activities and patronage, and introduced advanced technologies in agriculture. The name of Mikhail D. Tolstoy is also connected with the laying of Onufrievsky park. Mikhail (Senior) built up savings. Mikhail M. (Jr.) built at his own expense a school in Onufriivka and in Pavlysh, Pavlysh hospital, and veterinary hospitals in Onufriivka along with other social facilities; he finished building Onufriivskyi park. Count Tolstoy and his family were prominent philanthropists and patrons of his time. The funds of Mikhail Mikhailovich built an "ambulance" station in Odessa. Each descendant was trustee of schools and schools for children from poor families. The Counts made a huge contribution to the development of Southern agriculture and viticulture. After the events of October 1917 the last Count Tolstoy's life met with tragedy. Deprived of all property, seriously ill Mikhail Tolstoy with his mother Elena G. traveled to Geneva. There he ended his life (30 August 1927). With his death ended one of the branches of the noble family Tolstoy.
  • Surmylo Ivan - a professor of the Moscow Mining Institute.

References

  1. ↑ Ukraine: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population
  2. ↑ The Most Important Towns and Villages in European Russia, (Волости и важнейшие селения Европейской России), Issue VIII, St. Petersburg, 1886, in Russian
  3. ↑ Бизнес гид. Онуфриевский конный завод №175 (Russian)
  4. ↑ Коні не винні! Чи поверне Онуфріївський кінний завод собі колишню славу? (Ukrainian)

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