Ontario, Oregon

Ontario, Oregon
City
Main Street (now Oregon Street) looking south, early 1920s
Motto: Where Oregon Begins
Location in Oregon
Coordinates: 44°1′37″N 116°58′7″W / 44.02694°N 116.96861°W / 44.02694; -116.96861Coordinates: 44°1′37″N 116°58′7″W / 44.02694°N 116.96861°W / 44.02694; -116.96861
Country	United States
State	Oregon
County	Malheur
Incorporated	1899
Government
• Mayor	Leroy Cammack
Area[2]
• Total	5.17 sq mi (13.39 km2)
• Land	5.17 sq mi (13.39 km2)
• Water	0 sq mi (0 km2)
Elevation	2,150 ft (655 m)
Population (2010)[3]
• Total	11,366
• Estimate (2012[4])	11,143
• Density	2,198.5/sq mi (848.8/km2)
Time zone	Mountain (UTC-7)
• Summer (DST)	Mountain (UTC-6)
ZIP code	97914
Area code(s)	541
FIPS code	41-54900[5]
GNIS feature ID	1125001[6]
Website	www.ontariooregon.org

Ontario is the largest city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. It lies along the Snake River at the Idaho border. The population was 11,366 at the 2010 census.^[7] The city is the largest community in the region of far eastern Oregon, also known as the Western Treasure Valley.

Ontario is the principal city of the Ontario, OR-ID Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Malheur County in Oregon and Payette County in Idaho.

Ontario is approximately halfway between Portland and Salt Lake City. It is the closest city to the Idaho border along Interstate 84. The city's slogan is "Where Oregon Begins".

History

Ontario was founded on June 11, 1883, by developers William Morfitt, Mary Richardson, Daniel Smith, and James Virtue. In March 1884, Richard Welch started a Post Office for the quartet of Ontario, so named by James Virtue after Ontario, Canada. Two months later Joseph Morton applied for a Morton Post Office at an island about one mile south of town, with Oscar Scott as Post Master. Unfortunately for Morton and Scott, merchants Morfitt and Richardson of Malheur City, gold miner Virtue, and lumberman Smith of Baker acquired more land and were better financed. More importantly, Morfitt had negotiated a train depot for Ontario. All the settlers and speculators knew the railroad was coming and how important that would be to Ontario's future - so Scott closed his Morton Post Office and built a hotel at present day Ontario. By December, Scott was Ontario's Postmaster.

The town continued to grow with the arrival of the Oregon Short Line Railroad in later 1884, and freight and passenger service were added to the town's offerings. Soon after, stock began arriving from Eastern Oregon's cattle ranches to Ontario's stockyard for transshipment to markets throughout the Pacific Northwest. Ontario became one of the largest stockyards in the West. In addition, the construction of the Nevada Ditch and other canals aided the burgeoning agricultural industry, adding those products to Ontario's exports.

Ontario was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on February 11, 1899.^[8]

Geography

Storm clouds leaving during a sunset over wheat fields in Ontario, Oregon. Wheat as well as onions are a popular crop in this area due to the arid climate.^[1]

Ontario is located at an elevation of 2,150 feet (660 m) above sea level.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.17 square miles (13.39 km²), all of it land.^[2]

Bully Creek Reservoir is about 25 miles (40 km) west of Ontario, accessed through Vale.^[9]

Demographics

Downtown Ontario

2010 census

As of the census^[3] of 2010, there were 11,366 people, 4,275 households, and 2,678 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,198.5 inhabitants per square mile (848.8 /km²). There were 4,620 housing units at an average density of 893.6 per square mile (345.0 /km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.5% White, 0.7% African American, 1.3% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 22.6% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.3% of the population.

There were 4,275 households of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.28.

The median age in the city was 32.1 years. 28.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23% were from 25 to 44; 21% were from 45 to 64; and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female.

2000 census

As of the census^[5] of 2000, there were 10,985 people, 4,084 households, and 2,634 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,459.3 people per square mile (948.8/km²). There were 4,436 housing units at an average density of 993.1 per square mile (383.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 69.27% White, 0.55% African American, 2.69% Asian, 0.88% Native American, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 23.09% from other races, and 3.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.05% of the population.

There were 4,084 households out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.30.

In the city the population was spread out with 30.5% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,173, and the median income for a family was $35,625. Males had a median income of $29,775 versus $21,967 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,683. About 16.4% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.0% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Southwest 4th Avenue overlooking Holy Rosary Medical Center

The region's primary industry is the cultivation of russet potatoes, sugar beets, and onions. The Heinz Frozen Food Company (formerly Ore-Ida), a subsidiary of H. J. Heinz Company, processes locally grown potatoes, and annually produces over 600,000,000 pounds (270,000,000 kg) million pounds (272 million kg) of 75 different potato products, while employing approximately 1,000.^[13] Ontario also has a growing retail-based economy which attracts shoppers from throughout the county and from Idaho's Payette County, particularly from the nearby cities of Payette, Fruitland, and New Plymouth. Big-box retailers Wal-Mart and Home Depot dominate the retail sector, however, the lack of a sales tax in the state attracts relocating retailers and shoppers from Idaho communities. Ontario also attracts employees, who benefit from a minimum wage that as of 2012 was 21% higher than the one paid in Idaho.

The Four Rivers Cultural Center, which was named by John and Chaundra Cammack, was named after the Snake, Malheur, Owyhee and Payette rivers, has a museum that traces the history of settlement in the area by the Northern Paiutes and Basque, Japanese American, Eskimos, Hispanic and European American immigrants. The center's theater and conference center contribute regional dollars to the local economy, as does Treasure Valley Community College, located near the cultural center.

Holy Rosary Medical Center is a 49-bed, acute care hospital, serving Ontario and the surrounding communities in eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho. Effective April 1, 2010, Holy Rosary became Saint Alphonsus Medical Center — Ontario, a part of the hospital system of Saint Alphonsus Hospital in Boise, Idaho.^[14]

Ontario's role as a regional center of economic growth is challenged by the westward expansion of Boise, Idaho, about fifty miles east of the city. While Oregon's lack of a sales tax is an asset, the state's land use laws make it hard for the city to grow a property tax base and match the pace of development seen across the state line in Idaho. An article in the August 14, 2005 edition of The Oregonian noted that half of the staff of the Snake River Correctional Institution, Oregon's largest state prison and a large Ontario employer, live in Idaho, commuting daily across the state line. The article also noted that the land use laws that protect farmland across the state work to a farmer's disadvantage if farmers cannot find a way to compete profitably.

Education

Ontario is served by the Ontario School District 8C public schools and by private schools.

Public schools

Private schools

• Treasure Valley Christian School Pre K-11
• St. Peter's Catholic School K-6
• Four Rivers Community School (charter school) K-8

Notable people

• Madeline DeFrees, poet
• Tom Edens, MLB pitcher
• Erik Fisher, skier
• Sally Flynn, also known as Sally Hart, singer on The Lawrence Welk Show
• Charles C. Gossett, Idaho politician
• Joel Hardin, Border Patrol agent and mantraker
• Denny Jones, former congressman and rancher
• Randall B. Kester, Oregon judge
• Phyllis McGinley, children's author
• Elmo Smith, former newspaper editor, mayor of Ontario and governor of Oregon
• Leland Evan Thomas, WWII pilot killed in action at Guadalcanal
• David Wilcox, NFL linebacker

Media

Ontario's daily paper is the Argus Observer.

Transportation

Bus

• Snake River Transit provides public transportation between points in Ontario and nearby Fruitland and Payette.^[15]
• The Eastern Point is an intercity bus offering service between Bend and Ontario.^[16]
• Greyhound Lines offers service east and west on I-84 from Ontario.^[17]

Air

• Ontario Municipal Airport

Highway

• Interstate 84 - Portland - Boise - Ogden

Sister cities

Ontario has one sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:^[18]

• Ōsakasayama, Osaka, Japan

See also

• Oregon Short Line Railroad Depot

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ontario has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.^[19]

References

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ontario (Oregon).

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ontario, Oregon.

• Ontario Chamber of Commerce
• Ontario information from the Oregon Blue Book
• Malheur Agricultural Experiment Station
• Panoramic photos of Ontario from the Library of Congress
• 1930s-1940s farming photos of Ontario from the Library of Congress
• Oregon: End of the Trail: "A 1940 Journey Across Oregon—Ontario to Baker" online exhibit of the Federal Writers' Project book presented by the Oregon State Archives

v t e Municipalities and communities of Malheur County, Oregon, United States County seat: Vale Cities Adrian Jordan Valley Nyssa Ontario Vale CDPs Annex Brogan Harper Juntura Other unincorporated communities Arock Beulah Burns Junction Cairo Crowley Danner Ironside Jamieson McDermitt Owyhee Payette Junction Riverside Rome Westfall Willowcreek Ghost town Jonesboro

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